Posted: August 15th, 2022

Ace my homework – Write a paper discussing any issue concerning the American correctional

American Correctional System
Ace my homework – Write a paper discussing any issue concerning the American correctional system such as the effect of indefinite sentencing prison overcrowding private prisons in america constitutional rights of prisoners adult versus juvenile correctional systems, issues concerning probation, parole or community corrections, effective prison programs , combating inmates’ idle time in prisons, juveniles housed in adult prison system , or technology in correctional systems and its future.

American Correctional System
A jail is where suspects are contained while waiting for a trial in court or sentencing. Most of the suspects in jail are considered innocent hence released. Those suspects found guilty and convicted are taken to prison. While in the institution, these convicted felons undergo reforms and punishments. In prisons, there are different security classifications from minimum, low, medium to high. They are offered to criminals according to the seriousness of their offenses and the possibility of hurting other inmates.
There is solitary confinement where inmates who are found to be violent and capable of causing harm to other inmates are confined (Kaeble, Glaze, Tsoutis, & Minton, 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). It is meant to cut communications with others. An inmate can be incarcerated or put under community supervision. He/she can be put under community supervision after incarceration. During community supervision, which is part of the sentence, inmates could be in parole meaning they are conditionally released from prison, probation meaning they serve their term in prison and some of it under community supervision or recidivism where convicts go back to their criminal ways.
There are four functions of parole and probation which are, presentencing investigations, diagnosing and assessing the needs of inmates, supervising clients and other intake procedures. The risk of community victimization by offenders who have been released has increased over recent years. The main cause has been parole and sometimes probation. Several states have already started eliminating parole opportunity.it is believed if the inmates are reentered into the system instead of being given a parole opportunity, the insecurity would minimize.
The correctional system faces several challenges. For example, the population that includes women and persons with disabilities and mental health conditions and the people in community supervision is increasing. The facility is unable to deliver a good service due to the increase in population. Also, offering training, recruitments and retaining staff in the correctional system with adequate skills required is difficult. This can be addressed by technology which has shown great potential in making work easily and efficiently done (Harne, 2017).
Some of the applications found on devices especially those meant to give aid to the correctional system will help officers to supervise inmates in probation or parole better. It will also allow those inmates under supervision to get better access to programs and services. Some of these applications are such as telemedicine which would improve the inmates’ access to medication and video visitation which would improve visitation opportunities to the inmates and increases chances of getting better education while still in prison.
Every year, more people get arrested for offenses related to drugs. This includes adolescents (Nancy.cao., n.d.). The criminal justice system’s main focus is on drug crimes more than any other type of crime. Most of the taxpayer’s money is used up in prosecuting and jailing drug-related offenders. Implementing a policy is not usually expensive and neither is it free. Legislations enforced should not be evaluated by the cost or the sincerity in which they are implemented but how successful they are. The legislation on drug war implemented by president Nixon was based on the aim to improve society by reducing the harm caused by drugs.
Success on these drug policies should be measured by positive changes seen on the welfare of people as well as improvement of their health conditions and not by the number of arrests made and seizures nor the harshness offenders receive during punishments. The survey shows that the war on drugs has not been successful. The main tool used in fighting drugs is dependence on incarceration (Patten, D. 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). Incarceration is used as a means to reduce recidivism, as rehabilitation and also acts as a deterrent. This tool is proven to be ineffective. It has failed to reduce recidivism, it does not offer meaningful rehabilitation and doesn’t deter future offenders.
Reports of the Global Commission On Drug Policy state that the detection risk, the legal status and prevention messages from the government have failed to encourage the use of drugs (Allen, R. 2009). Mostly Peer influence, fashion influence and economic and social influences have largely affected the use of drugs. The growth of incarcerated offenders has rapidly increased over time. The failure of deterring these drug offenders has led to financial straining on the corrections system. Incarcerating non-violent drug offenders has proven to be expensive and impacts negative consequences on the offenders.
The family of the drug offender is also affected. This is because when providing a unit of imprisonment to the offender, their social and financial stability is compromised. When a member of a family is incarcerated, more so a parent, children tend to repeat the same mistake and end up being incarcerated as well. Offenders face health issues such as AIDS while in prison. The effects of this disease and many others which are communicable are then translated in the homes and society in which the prisoner returns to once he/she is released.
Drug traffickers have continued to secure big profits by expanding their base of customers. The availability of synthetic drugs in the US like opioids creates space for drug usage and trafficking. They also purchase drugs easily though the dark web which is much cheaper and conceals identity by use of cryptocurrencies. Trafficking of these drugs is then done through express consignment shipment or internal mail. So many countries are involved in shipping in drugs into the US. These countries are such as Mexico which is well known for crack cocaine. This is why the US government needs these countries in aiding in the war on drugs.
The US domestic and foreign drug policies on the war on drugs have very similar characteristics (Patten, D. 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). Incarceration is done everywhere to awaken the global war on drugs. The country like Colombia has been incarcerated by the US government for drug trafficking just like the US citizens have been incarcerated for drug charges. The US uses fumigation in Colombia where toxic chemicals are dispersed through aerial means over a plantation containing drug plants. These plants are such as cannabis and coca.
The US Drug Enforcement Administration is consistent with cooperation and coordination with the local, state, federal and foreign governments in reducing the availability of illicit drugs in the US market. This is done through methods that don’t require enforcement such as crop substitution, crop eradication and offering training to foreign officials. The US foreign policy strategy is dominated by military defense. Both the US domestic and foreign drug policies use the military to search and seize the drug traffickers. The US has used the term “narcoterrorism” to justify the involvement of the military.
People adjust differently to prison life. There are different adaptation patterns and the implications they make in an inmate’s life quality. The inmates’ adaptations are influenced by the prison environment (deprivation theory) and their pre-prison characteristics (importation theory) (Wood, 2011). The theory of importation implies that the behavior of the inmates is geared by their experiences, beliefs and pre-institutional characteristics while the theory of deprivation implies that the illicit or prosocial behavior of the inmates is a reflection of how the inmate is coping with the prison environment through personal choices or social activities.
Different inmates have a different degree of adaptations which can be observed at different times and situations. Spending more time in prison creates room for exposure of inmates to “inmates code”. In a correctional environment, adaptation levels dictate how inmates occupy their time. Inmates have schedules and routines to follow which are controlled by the justice system and administration. The justice system makes decisions about the inmate’s release dates and the administration makes and enforces daily routines and schedules.
The inmates’ behavior in a correctional facility such as assault, drugs/alcohol violations, and general rule violations is determined by their prior record, their association with antisocial peers, drug usage before their incarceration, mental health issues or inmates posing a greater security risk. Also, inmates who have served a longer period in jail could be a cause of misconduct. Different types of correctional environments have different sources of rule violations. Again, due to overpopulation in jails, correctional staff have a difficult time in managing these facilities.
Throughout the united states, thousands of juveniles are convicted among adults in adult correctional facilities. These juveniles are in the stages of growing emotionally, physically and psychologically. They are exposed to so much danger by the adult inmates and the correctional staff who have no skills in handling the juveniles. The juveniles are also denied opportunities to access rehabilitative programs and educational services. Adults pose threats to juveniles such as physical and sexual assault. This causes a long term effect on them. They become targets within the first forty-eight hours of their imprisonment.
Generally, juveniles convicted with adults in adult correctional facilities have recorded a higher number of suicides than the adults. While convicted there, they lack access to services that are critical to their continuous growth and development. They are most vulnerable to criminal socialization. The war on drug policies in the US has been in existence for a long time. The federal, state and local governments have been in action to fight the drug issue. It has been a major concern since the number of drug users has been increasing over time. The most used strategy to fight drugs is the mass incarceration of drug-related offenders.
It has not been very effective since the highest population in jail are people arrested from drug offenses. The domestic and foreign policies of the war on drugs have both focused on mass incarceration of individuals and nations at large such as Colombia. The US military is used in fighting the war on drugs in foreign nations. Fumigation is a foreign policy strategy used to fight drugs. Juvenile facilities should be able to provide appropriate healthcare for their development, programming and rehabilitative services. The staff members in juvenile facilities should receive special training. Counseling should also be offered to juveniles to help them in their personal and general growth.

References
Kaeble, D., Glaze, L., Tsoutis, A., & Minton, T. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). Correctional populations in the United States, 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay. Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1-19.
Harne, J. (2017). Identifying Technology Needs and Innovations to Advance Corrections. NIJ Journal, (278).
Nancy.cao. (n.d.). Drug Prevention Treatment and Care [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/drug-prevention-and-treatment/index.html
Patten, D. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). The mass incarceration of nations and the global war on drugs: Comparing the united states’ domestic and foreign drug policies. Social Justice, 85-105.
Bewley-Taylor, D., Hallam, C., & Allen, R. (2009). The incarceration of drug offenders: an overview.
Wood, A. (2011). Cruel and unusual punishment: Confining juveniles with adults after Graham and Miller. Emory LJ, 61, 1445.

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