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who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility

are persons who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing refinement activities.LaggardsWhistle-blowersChange agentsFree riders2Confusion in who reports to whom is a weakness of which one of the following organizational structures?BureaucracyMatrixBoundarylessVirtual3A(n) __________ strategy emphasizes the introduction of major new products and services.organiccost-minimizationinnovationmechanistic4Strategy of differentiation consists of which of the following?Price, support, designSourcing strategies, processing strategies, delivering strategiesUpstream business strategy, midstream business strategy, downstream business strategyCost leadership, differentiation, cost focus5________ is a collection of change methods that seek to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being.Organizational developmentOperant conditioningOrganizational polarizationOrganizational restructuring5________ is a collection of change methods that seek to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being.Organizational developmentOperant conditioningOrganizational polarizationOrganizational restructuring6Which of the following factors is least likely to have an impact on organizational structure?StrategyTechnologySizeLocation7Decision making within which one of the following organizational structures follows a strict chain of command?VirtualBureaucracyMatrixBoundaryless8Which of the following is least likely to realize a competitive advantage for an organization?Superior skillsSuperior resourcesSuperior strategySuperior position9It is easiest for management to deal with resistance when it ispassiveovertimplicitdeferred10Which of the following is the last step in Kotter’s eight-step plan for implementing change?Establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason for why change is needed.Communicate the vision throughout the organization.Reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success.Consolidate improvements, reassess changes, and make necessary adjustments in the new programs.11Sometimes, businesses find it necessary to reconceive their core business. Which of the following would be the least effective strategy for doing so?Business recombinationCore relocationBusiness redefinitionBusiness customization12Which of the following statements is true regarding innovation?Interunit communication is low in innovative organizations.Organic structures negatively influence innovation.Innovation is nurtured when there is an abundance of resources.Innovative organizations reward both successes and failures.13Entering into various types of business ventures outside of the realm of an organization’s usual type of business is an example of a ________ strategy.chain integrationdiversificationcustomizingUndifferentiating14Which of the following is an example of an individual source of resistance to change? Product orientationEmployee orientationStructural inertiaFear of the unknown15Culture is most likely to be a liability whenthe organization’s environment is dynamicthe organization scores low on the degree of formalizationthe organization is highly centralizedthe organization’s management is highly efficient16A(n) ________ organization is an organization that takes on a life of its own, apart from its founders and members, and is valued for itself and not for the goods or services it produces. centralizedmatrixvirtualinstitutionalized17Which of the following is least likely to lend to a simple organizational structure?Little departmentalizationFormalized rules and regulationsCentralized authorityWide span of control18Which of the following is the first step in Kotter’s eight-step plan for implementing change?Form a coalition with enough power to lead change.Create a new vision to direct the change and strategies for achieving the vision.Plan for, create, and reward short-term “wins” that move the organization toward the new vision.Establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason for why change is needed.19Idea champions display characteristics associated with _________ leadership.narcissisticlaissez-faireautocratictransformational20Which of the following is typically a characteristic of the mechanistic model of organization?Rigid departmentalizationWide span of controlsDecentralized managementLow formalization21Which of the following statements is true regarding the functions of culture in an organization?It hinders the generation of commitment to something larger than individual self-interest among employees.It reduces the stability of the organizational system.It conveys a sense of identity for organization members.It does not affect employees’ attitudes and behavior.22The deemphasizing of hierarchical authority and control in organizational development is referred to asvertical blendinghorizontal integrationtrust and supportpower equalization23Which of the following resistances to change is implicit?Increased errorStrikeComplaintResignation24The focus of a single segmentation within a scope strategy is known as a _______ strategy.customizingunsegmentationsegmentationNiche25Which of the following actions can extinguish risk taking and innovation?Long tenure in managementRewarding for the absence of failures rather than for the presence of successEncouraging experimentationUsing organic organizational structures

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