Posted: October 26th, 2023

The Five-Factor Model of Personality

INTRODUCTION
The five-factor model of personality is based on the following five broad domains or dimensions of human personality:

Openness.
Conscientiousness.
Extraversion.
Agreeableness.
Neuroticism.
The five-factor model is a widely used approach to analyzing personality traits, and is useful in the understanding of personality disorders as variants of normal personality. In this assignment, you will write a paper that demonstrates your understanding of the five-factor model. You will describe the five factors in depth, compare them, give examples of each, and evaluate how the model contributes to our understanding of personality development.

INSTRUCTIONS
In 4–5 pages, analyze the five-factor model of personality. In this section of your paper:
Describe and compare the factors. Provide the etiology of and scholarly basis for each factor, and compare the factors with each other. Integrate at least five scholarly sources as appropriate into the description and comparison.
Provide a real-life example of how each factor can manifest behaviorally.
In 1–2 pages, evaluate how the five-factor model of personality contributes to our understanding of personality development.
Get custom essay samples and course-specific study resources via course hero homework for you service – Include citations as appropriate, using current Ace homework tutors – APA formatting. Refer to the Characteristics of the Five-Factor Model Rubric to use as a guide.

SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS
Length: Ensure the paper is 5–7 pages in length (excluding title page and references page).
Organization: Get custom essay samples and course-specific study resources via course hero homework for you service – Include a title page, references page, introductory paragraph, body content, and concluding paragraph.
Citations: Get custom essay samples and course-specific study resources via course hero homework for you service – Include a minimum of five scholarly resources.
Format: Follow current Ace homework tutors – APA guidelines for style and formatting.

The Five-Factor Model of Personality
Introduction
The five-factor model of personality is a widely accepted framework for conceptualizing human personality traits (McCrae & Costa, 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). The model categorizes personality into five broad domains or dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (McCrae & Costa, 2008 – Affordable Custom Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay from Pro Writers). Each domain represents a cluster of related, more specific personality traits (McCrae & John, 1992). The five-factor model provides a comprehensive yet parsimonious structure for understanding both normal and abnormal personality (Widiger, 2017). This paper will describe the five factors of the model in depth, compare them, provide examples of each, and discuss how the model contributes to our understanding of personality development.
Description and Comparison of the Five Factors
Openness involves traits such as imagination, feelings, actions, ideas, and values (McCrae & Costa, 1997). Individuals high in openness tend to be more curious, creative, and open to new experiences. They appreciate art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety (McCrae & Sutin, 2009). Conscientiousness concerns traits such as self-discipline, deliberation, and achievement striving (Roberts et al., 2005). Highly conscientious individuals tend to be organized, dependable, and goal-oriented. They pay attention to details, plan ahead, and try to do things perfectly (McCrae & Löckenhoff, 2010 – Essay Writing Service: Write My Essay by Top-Notch Writer).
Extraversion involves traits such as warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement-seeking, and positive emotions (McCrae & John, 1992). Extraverts tend to be sociable, fun-loving, and lively. They enjoy being with people and taking on leadership roles (McCrae & Costa, 2008 – Affordable Custom Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay from Pro Writers). Agreeableness involves traits related to getting along with others, such as trust, kindness, and cooperation (Graziano & Tobin, 2009). Agreeable individuals tend to be sympathetic, generous, gentle, and cooperative. They value getting along with others (Graziano & Eisenberg, 1997).
Neuroticism, also called emotional stability, involves traits such as anxiety, moodiness, irritability, and dependence (Widiger, 2017). Those high in neuroticism tend to experience more negative emotions like fear, sadness, embarrassment, anger, guilt, and disgust. They are more prone to psychological stress and poor coping (Widiger, 2017). Of the five factors, neuroticism is most clearly related to abnormal personality and mental illness (Widiger, 2017).
In summary, openness and extraversion involve positive, assertive traits while agreeableness and conscientiousness involve compliance and impulse control. Neuroticism involves negative emotionality. Openness and extraversion are less clearly defined than the other three factors (McCrae & Costa, 2008 – Affordable Custom Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay from Pro Writers). Conscientiousness and agreeableness are most clearly linked to getting along with others through self-discipline and cooperation. Neuroticism is most closely tied to psychological distress and dysfunction (Widiger, 2017).
Examples of the Five Factors
Openness may manifest as a preference for artistic, emotional, or intellectual experiences. For example, someone high in openness may enjoy poetry readings, foreign films, or philosophical discussions (McCrae & Sutin, 2009). Conscientiousness could appear as good time management, following rules and norms, and attention to task details. For instance, a conscientious student may budget time for assignments, arrive early to commitments, and proofread work thoroughly (Roberts et al., 2005).
Extraversion could manifest as preferring social interaction and taking initiative. For example, an extraverted coworker may often organize group lunches or volunteer for leadership roles (McCrae & Costa, 2008 – Affordable Custom Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay from Pro Writers). Agreeableness may appear as being helpful, gentle, and willing to compromise. For instance, an agreeable friend may offer to help you move, be polite to others, and find win-win solutions in disagreements (Graziano & Eisenberg, 1997). Neuroticism could involve worrying excessively, feeling insecure, or becoming easily upset. For example, a highly neurotic individual may frequently anticipate the worst, doubt their abilities, and get frustrated or angry at minor problems (Widiger, 2017).
Contributions to Understanding Personality Development
The five-factor model provides a useful framework for conceptualizing personality development across the lifespan (McCrae & Costa, 2008 – Affordable Custom Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay from Pro Writers). Longitudinal research shows personality traits demonstrate both continuity and change from childhood through old age (Roberts et al., 2006 – Write a paper; Professional research paper writing service – Best essay writers). For example, conscientiousness and agreeableness tend to increase with age as social roles and responsibilities accumulate (Roberts et al., 2001). Neuroticism also tends to decline slightly with increased life experience and emotional regulation skills (McCrae & Costa, 2003).
The five broad domains of personality can help explain individual differences in life experiences, relationships, health, and occupational choices (Ozer & Benet-Martínez, 2006 – Write a paper; Professional research paper writing service – Best essay writers). For instance, high extraversion predicts greater social support networks and leadership roles, while high neuroticism predicts increased stress and health problems (Lahey, 2009). The model also aids clinical assessment and diagnosis by characterizing abnormal traits as extremes of normal dimensions (Widiger, 2017). Overall, the five-factor model provides a useful structure for understanding how personality evolves and influences life outcomes across the lifespan.
In conclusion, the five-factor model of personality offers a comprehensive yet parsimonious framework for conceptualizing both normal and abnormal personality traits. The model categorizes traits into five broad domains that describe individual differences and predict important life outcomes. It enhances understanding of personality development through demonstrating both continuity and change across the lifespan. The five-factor model remains an influential paradigm in personality psychology research due to its empirical validity and clinical utility.
References
Graziano, W. G., & Eisenberg, N. (1997). Agreeableness: A dimension of personality. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (p. 795–824). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012134645-4/50031-7
Graziano, W. G., & Tobin, R. M. (2009). The cognitive and motivational foundations underlying agreeableness. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (p. 46–61). Guilford Press.
Lahey, B. B. (2009). Public health significance of neuroticism. American Psychologist, 64(4), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015309
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52(5), 509–516. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.509
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2003). Personality in adulthood: A five-factor theory perspective (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2008 – Affordable Custom Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay from Pro Writers). Empirical and theoretical status of the five-factor model of personality traits. In G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment, Vol. 1: Personality theories and models (p. 273–294). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200462.n15
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00970.x
McCrae, R. R., & Löckenhoff, C. E. (2010 – Essay Writing Service: Write My Essay by Top-Notch Writer). Self-regulation and the five-factor model of personality traits. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of personality and self-regulation (p. 145–168). Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444318111.ch7
McCrae, R. R., & Sutin, A. R. (2009). Openness to experience. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (p. 257–273). Guilford Press.
Ozer, D. J., & Benet-Martínez, V. (2006 – Write a paper; Professional research paper writing service – Best essay writers). Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes. Annual Review of Psychology, 57(1), 401–421. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190127
Roberts, B. W., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2001). The kids are alright: Growth and stability in personality development from adolescence to adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(4), 670–683. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.4.670
Roberts, B. W., Kuncel

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