Posted: May 13th, 2018

Strayer PHIl210 final exam 2014

Strayer PHIl210 final examStrayer PHIl210 final examuestion 1

A set of statements designed to convince others that an action or idea
is right or wrong is a type of:
Answer

agreement.

argument.

evaluation.

hypothesis.

premise.

Question 2

Statistics come from gathering and ________data.
Answer

disputing

analyzing

explaining

justifying

manipulating

Question 3

While scientific explanations provide compelling evidence for claims and
produce verifiable insights, they are also:
Answer

good measures for concepts such as humor or love.

never able to be replicated.

routinely invalidated by later investigations.

completely free of bias.

untested hypotheses.

Question 4

Which of the following would be considered to be based on pseudoscience?
Answer

using radiation to treat cancer

injecting a diabetic with insulin

transplanting genes in order to correct genetic
disorders.

using massage, heat treatment, and exercise to
treat a physical injury

hypnotizing a person in order to ensure that they
are immune to a communicable disease

Question 5

An explanation is a statement that provides a _________ for why or how
something became the way it is.
Answer

clue

debate

conclusion

reason

response

Question 6

All of these statements demonstrate the use of a euphemism, except:
Answer

Your coworker announces that her cat was put to
sleep over the weekend.

You have a group of friends over on a Friday
night to enjoy an adult beverage.

Your boss tells you are fired from your job
during an impromptu meeting.

A friend refers to himself as vertically
challenged when describing his height in his online dating profile.

A politician states that she misspoke when asked
about her conflicting statements on a particular issue.

Question 7

Using the term snail mail to describe postal mail is an example of:
Answer

emotive language

euphemism

weasel word

dysphemism

innuendo

Question 8

Which of the following is a tip for dealing with unclear language?
Answer

Try to avoid ambiguity in your own arguments.

Try to use sarcasm to help illustrate your
points.

Try to use vague terms to describe what you are
thinking and feeling.

Try to use words that leave the context open for
interpretation.

Try not to ask for clarification from other
people during discussions.

Question 9

Another term for semantic meaning is:
Answer

connotative meaning

sarcastic meaning

syntactic meaning

denotative meaning

pragmatic meaning

Question 11

Consider the following argument:
Premise: Michael took an apple from the farm stand.
Premise: Stealing is wrong.
Conclusion: Therefore, Michael was wrong for stealing the apple.
The statement, “stealing is wrong” is an example of which of the following?
Answer

Syllogism

Enthymeme

Premise that makes an amoral statement

Premise that makes a moral statement about a
moral principle

Conclusion that demonstrates a moral statement

Question 12

Which theory is characterized by doing what is best for others
instead of oneself?
Answer

Ethical
Egoism

Ethical
Altruism

Utilitarianism

Cultural
Relativism

Religions
Relativism

Question 13

A top official of the government is presenting a case for the
continued use of drone airplanes in military conflicts. The official
states “Using drones during military surveillance missions is the right
course of action because it saves soldiers’ lives.” What is the
enthymeme in the official’s argument?
Answer

Using drones
is more cost effective.

The right
course of action is to save soldiers’ lives.

Using drones
allows the military to execute low risk surveillance.

Using drones
has been a high value alternative in urban warfare.

Using drones
reduces the number of soldiers needed to conduct surveillance.

Question 14

What makes an argument an ethical argument?
Answer

A set of
amoral statements

The number
of enthymemes used

A set of
premises and conclusion

A
propositional claim supported by a set of observations

A conclusion
based on a moral premise that makes a statement about right and wrong in a
particular situation

Question 15

In order to pay for tuition for collegiate studies, a student
chooses to sell illegal drugs to finance his education. He understands
the implications of his actions, from the destruction of families for those
addicted, to the breaking laws preventing the sales of controlled
substances. Which theory is he using to justify his actions?
Answer

Kantian
Ethics

Utilitarianism

Ethical
Egoism

Ethical
Altruism

Authoritarian
Moral Theory

Question 16

Which of the following is something that can lead to making good
decisions?
Answer

Waiting for the perfect solution

Having conflicting motives

Clearly defining the problem

Not making any decision due to fear

Taking hearsay as fact

Question 17

Which is a strategy to use to help generate multiple options to
solve a problem?
Answer

Go with the
first option that comes to you.

Look at the
problem from different perspectives.

Immediately
assess and discard every option that you think of.

Find reasons
why proposed solutions won’t work.

Decide the
problem is not important enough to solve.

Question 18

The least helpful question to ask yourself when evaluating top
choices would be:
Answer

What are the
probable outcomes of this choice?

Would this
option effectively solve the problem?

What are the
short-term gains?

Is it a
reliable choice?

Does it fit
with your personal ethics?
Question 19

A good practice when making a decision involves:
Answer

Having no action plan and just winging it

Hastily deciding even when you have ample time

Making vague goals with vague timelines

Committing to the decision and solving the
problem

Being overcome with fear and not make a
decision

20

Putting in the effort to adequately define the problem is:
Answer

a waste of time

something only scientists need to do

brings additional confusion to the problem

as far as one needs to go to solve a problem

helpful when the time comes to properly
generate options

Question 21

When debating solutions to problems related to climate change on a
national level, which problem related to climate change has a prominent
amount of conflicting political opinions?
Answer

Possible economic effects of fighting climate
change

How high sea level will rise

Whether there is a correlation between climate
change and the ozone hole

How climate change will affect
innovations in global communication technology

Whether the polar ice caps will shrink or
expand

Question 22

The straw man fallacy is a fallacy where the arguer:
Answer

inaccurately portrays a circumstance as having a
limited number of possible outcomes, thus setting up an either-or situation.

raises an
irrelevant side issue to distract the opponent or audience from what is
really at stake.

suggests that one event is going to spark a chain
of events leading up to an undesirable outcome, even when there is no logical
reason to believe with certainty that the first event will cause that chain
of events.

uses a comparison to support their argument, but
the two things being compared are not similar enough for the comparison to be
relevant.

sets up a vulnerable version of his or her
opponent’s position and then presents evidence to knock down the distorted
position.

Question 23

An expert may not be considered a credible source if he or she has:
Answer

An education from reputable institutions in a
relevant program.

A view in direct opposition to the vast majority
of other experts in the subject.

A great deal of experience on the topic being
evaluated.

Many professional accomplishments that are
directly relevant.

A reputation among peers for being honest and
objective.

Question 24

When listening to people debating a topic, a critical thinker should
ignore:
Answer

discerning what arguments they’re pitching

how they are responding to each other’s arguments

if they are dressed in a professional manner

what evidence they are offering to support their
positions

whether their credentials are in a relevant field

Question 25

A claim and an argument are similar in that they both
_____________, however, an argument specifically ____________.
Answer

provide
evidence; provides reasoning as well

make an
assertion; makes an assertion that something is false.

make an
assertion; makes an assertion that all experts agree with .

make an
assertion; provides evidence and reasoning to support the assertion.

provide facts;
gives opinions why something is true.

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