Posted: February 5th, 2023

Special Topics in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Special Topics in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Gender Dysphoria
Psychological Issues Gender Dysphoria
Gender dysphoria is a term used to describe the discomfort occurring in people whose sex identity differs from the sex assigned to them at birth. The level of discomfort can be intense leading to depression and anxiety (Lindley & Galupo, 2020). The symptoms of the condition can interfere with the quality of daily living. Affected individuals change their behavior and interests. Some of the symptoms include low self-esteem and becoming socially isolated (Lindley & Galupo, 2020). Children express behaviors or interests related to the opposite gender. Others will express unhappiness for their sex and physical attributes. Children with gender dysphoria can be drawn to substance abuse, self-harm tendencies, and eating disorders (Wiepjes et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Children with gender dysphoria experience discrimination from other children in school or social settings (Wiepjes et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). The condition may be prevalent in children as part of the growth process. Mild symptoms do not indicate the presence of gender dysphoria.
Most Effective Assessment Measure
Assessment measures are important for individuals with gender dysphoria. One of the assessment measures is the gender identity reflection and rumination scale (GRRS). The purpose of the assessment tool is to measure the extent a person thinks about their gender positively or negatively (Wiepjes et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). The tool helps assess how other people perceive the gender of another. Another important assessment measure is the gender minority stress and resilience scale (GMRS) (Hadj-Moussa et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). The GMRS measures the discriminant validity for the scales. It measures the challenges associated with identifying as a gender minority and protective measures that affect the psychological wellbeing of an individual.
The best tool I would select is GRRS since it examines how people perceive or feel about themselves. The tool is important in evaluating thoughts on gender in terms of sex, physical, and psychological attributes (Hadj-Moussa et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Another reason for selecting the GRRS is that it has 15 items as compared to 58 items in the GMRS. The GRRS is simple and specific and can be used to examine an individual within a short time. Another reasoning selecting the GRRS is that the tool takes into consideration previous research on rumination, stigma stress, and identity crisis (Hadj-Moussa et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). The tool is effective in analyzing people with other sexual minorities other than heterosexuals.
Treatment Options for Children and Adolescents
Treatment options for children and adolescents with gender dysphoria can take various perspectives. The approaches depend on the diagnostic results, causes, and a client’s perspective of the condition (Butler et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Treatment comprises the use of medication and psychotherapy. Some of the medical treatment includes hormone therapy and surgery (Butler et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Hormone therapy seeks to maximize masculinization or feminization. The approach may reduce the sex attributes such as the growth of breasts and facial hair.
Behavioral treatment is focused on the gender concerns and methods of lessening the dysphoria. The purpose of behavioral treatment is to help individuals to be comfortable with their sex attributes (Butler et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). The approach improves the relationship with other people and reduces the stress related to sexual identity.
Treatment can comprise diverse approaches depending on the individual characteristics. Some of them include peer support groups, voice and communication therapy, aesthetic or wardrobe services, and breast bidding and packing (Lindley & Galupo, 2020). Others include hair transplantation or removal and genital tucking.
Treatment services for people with transgender issues comprise various ethical and legal issues. One of the major considerations is the consent from a parent or guardian. Gender issues have emotional attachments and thus confidentiality is important (Wiepjes et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Practitioners should consider mental health support services since a change of gender can attract depression, anxiety, or discrimination after the treatment (Wiepjes et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Clients should prioritize self-care services such as eating well, relaxing, exercising, meditating, praying, and getting involved in community activities.
Impact of Culture on Treatment
Culture appreciates two types of gender, male and female, and abhors other types of gender. People express bias against people who want to identify as male whereas their physical attributes show they are female (Hadj-Moussa et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Stigma and discrimination are important cultural considerations in the treatment process. Discrimination can occur in the family, school, or social settings. Another cultural issue is the reluctance of the healthcare workers to help people with gender dysphoria (Hadj-Moussa et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Studies show that in 1981, healthcare workers and facilities did not acknowledge or support the gender identity crisis. In 2013 and 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay, some states reversed the 1981 policy citing it was discriminatory (Butler et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). In 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service the Department of Health and Human Services banned the exclusion of transgender services from all insurance and healthcare providers that receive federal funding.
Conclusion
Dysphoria can interfere with the quality of daily living. Affected individuals change their behavior and interests. Some of the symptoms include low self-esteem and becoming socially isolated. Gender identity reflection and rumination scale and gender minority stress and resilience scale are important assessment tools. Treatment comprises the use of medication and psychotherapy. The treatment includes peer support groups, voice and communication therapy, aesthetic or wardrobe services, and breast bidding and packing. Practitioners should observe ethical and legal issues during treatment. The treatment should consider the impact of cultural patterns that trigger discrimination and stigma.

References
Butler, G., De Graaf, N., Wren, B., & Carmichael, P. (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Assessment and support of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 103(7), 631-636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online-314992
Cooper, K., Mandy, W., Butler, C., & Russell, A. (2023). Phenomenology of gender dysphoria in autism: a multiperspective qualitative analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64(2), 265-276.
Hadj-Moussa, M., Ohl, D. A., & Kuzon Jr, W. M. (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Evaluation and Treatment of gender dysphoria to prepare for gender confirmation surgery. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 6(4), 607-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online.03.006
Kallitsounaki, A., & Williams, D. M. (2022). Autism spectrum disorder and gender dysphoria/incongruence. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-15.
Lindley, L., & Galupo, M. P. (2020). Gender dysphoria and minority stress: Support for inclusion of gender dysphoria as a proximal stressor. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 7(3), 265. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000439
Wiepjes, C. M., Nota, N. M., de Blok, C. J., Klaver, M., de Vries, A. L., Wensing-Kruger, S. A., … & den Heijer, M. (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). The Amsterdam cohort of gender dysphoria study (1972–2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service): trends in prevalence, treatment, and regrets. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(4), 582-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online.01.016
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Study Notes:
Special Topics in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that interfere with daily functioning.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A developmental disorder that affects communication and social interaction. Symptoms usually appear in early childhood and can include difficulty with social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and delayed language development.

Depression: A mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities. Children and adolescents with depression may also experience physical symptoms such as headaches, stomachaches, and fatigue.

Anxiety Disorders: A group of mental health disorders that cause excessive worry, fear, and avoidance behaviors. Common types of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents include Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Bipolar Disorder: A mental health disorder characterized by periods of mania or hypomania and depression. Symptoms can include extreme mood swings, high energy levels, and impulsive behavior.

Eating Disorders: A group of mental health disorders characterized by abnormal eating behaviors and attitudes towards food. The two most common eating disorders in children and adolescents are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.

Substance Abuse: The use of drugs or alcohol in a manner that is harmful to the individual or others. Substance abuse is a major issue in child and adolescent psychiatry, with many young people using drugs or alcohol to cope with stress, anxiety, and depression.

Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Trauma refers to a traumatic event such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, or a natural disaster that can have lasting effects on mental health. PTSD is a mental health disorder that can develop after exposure to a traumatic event and is characterized by symptoms such as intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviors, and hypervigilance.

Psychotic Disorders: A group of mental health disorders characterized by symptoms of psychosis such as delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking. Psychotic disorders can be particularly challenging to treat in children and adolescents, but early intervention can help improve outcomes.

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