Posted: January 31st, 2023

See the attached documents for complete details. Work most be original not copying and pasting. Reference for this document is also attached.

See the attached documents for complete details. Work most be original not copying and pasting. Reference for this document is also attached. 

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Anonymous Community Scenario
The
Anonymous Community
has been in the global news lately because of its unique location in the
center of its city, its cultural diversity, and its gang problem. The
Anonymous Community
is located in a 5
mi.² radius in the heart of
Progressive City
. This community has consistently been criticized by members
of
Progressive City
because of the condition of the houses, schools, businesses, and infrastructure of the
community. Many of the houses and businesses in the
Anonymous Community
are over one hundred
years old and are in need of serious repair. The infrastructure in this community has not been upgraded in
over 50 years. Citizens of
Progressive City
have actively pushed the Modern State to condemn the
Anonymous Community
so that
Progressive City
can bulldoze the community and turn it into a city park.
The Modern State has refused to condemn the
Anonymous Community
because it is a historic
community and is one of the most diverse communities in the world.
There are many members of the
Anonymous Community
who still live their lives in the same manner that
members of the community lived their lives when the community was founded over 100 years ago.
However, there are some members of the community (middle-aged and youth) who have chosen to fully
assimilate into the
Progressive City
culture. Most of the community members who have assimilated are
law-abiding citizens. However, there are a few of the assimilated members of the community who have
formed a gang and are engaged in criminal activity (primarily related to illicit drugs) in the
Anonymous
Community
and in
Progressive City
. The gang activity that has originated in
Anonymous Community
and
overflowed into
Progressive City
has added additional tension to the relationship between members of the
Anonymous Community
and the
Progressive City
.
Several news outlets on the local, state, national, and international levels have begun reporting about the
happenings in the
Anonymous Community
on an almost daily basis. The
Anonymous Community
has
been portrayed as a community plagued by crime and as a community whose members do not seem to
care about the condition of their community. Local law enforcement has been portrayed as a containment
force that uses militaristic tactics to keep crime from the
Anonymous Community
from spilling over into
Progressive City
. This media coverage has put tremendous pressure on the members of the
Anonymous
Community
and local law enforcement to address the “substantive issues” in the
Anonymous Community
.
Several community forums have occurred in which local law enforcement and members of the
Anonymous Community
have come together to discuss establishing a relationship between the
community and law enforcement that will result in a collaborative effort to address the gang problem in
the community. The initial community forums consisted of heated discussions about: 1) the perceived
Anonymous
Community
Progressive City

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militaristic presence of law enforcement in the
Anonymous Community
and the perceived gatekeeping
role that law enforcement played for the
Progressive City
; and 2) the perceived unwillingness of members
of the
Anonymous Community
to assist law enforcement in investigating crimes that occurred in the
Anonymous Community
.
Communication between law enforcement and community members in the
Anonymous Community
began to improve after one of the most historic buildings in the city was vandalized by the gang that
originated in the
Anonymous Community
and one of the eldest members of the community was seriously
injured during the vandalism. The building was used as a school for students with disabilities and was
considered the best school in the
Anonymous Community
. The school had seen an increase in the
number of fights, theft of school equipment, vandalism, and suspensions related to illicit drugs. As a
result, overall school attendance had significantly decreased. School administrators were able to connect
the increase in violence, crime, vandalism, and suspension related to illicit drugs at the school to the
enrollment of several members of the gang that originated in the
Anonymous Community
; however, they
had been unable to develop a plan to address the issues.
As a result of the improved communications between law enforcement and members of the
Anonymous
Community
, law enforcement and members of the
Anonymous Community
agreed to implement various
community policing strategies that would improve the relationship between the community and law
enforcement, and reduce crime in the
Anonymous Community
. The implemented community policing
strategies included increased foot patrols, community sponsored youth activities, gang awareness
programming, and restorative justice community service programs for the
Anonymous Community
members convicted of non-violent and violent crimes. Members of the
Anonymous Community
, law
enforcement, and members of
Progressive City
also formed a coalition for addressing criminal activity in
both communities. This coalition also requested federal funding to assist with the restoration of the
buildings, houses, schools, and infrastructure in the
Anonymous Community
as a way to demonstrate that
there is a sense of care and concern for the community.

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Community Policing Partnerships
Read the case study linked below. After reading the case study from an earlier assignment,
you will have to prepare a response from two viewpoints. The first viewpoint will be that of a
patrol officer assigned to foot patrol. The second viewpoint will be that of a community
member who has lived in the community for 25 years. From each viewpoint, you are to
answer the following questions and provide justification for your answers:
o

How did the impact of the media coverage about the crime rate in the
Anonymous Community
(e.g., strained community relationships and
national/international perceptions) demonstrate the importance of a good
relationship between the police and the media?
o

What strategies could police employ to ensure an accurate picture of the
citizens, crime problem, and solutions for addressing the crime problem in the
Anonymous Community
are communicated to the media?
o

How could police and the media partners help address the crime problem in
the
Anonymous Community
?
o

What should the dynamics of the partnership between the media and police
look like in regards to addressing the crime problem in the
Anonymous
Community
?
You will also need to provide a summarization paragraph that includes the
following:
o

Identify which lens was the most difficult to answer the questions from and
why.
o

Identify any aspect of the scenario to which information shared in the textbook
could not be applied.
Click
here
to access the case study.
Each section of your case study must be clearly labeled using the following
section headings:
o

Lens 1: Patrol Officer,
o

Lens 2: Community Member, and
o

Summary.
Each section should be a minimum of 200 words. Your entire case study should
be at least two double-spaced pages.
Be sure to cite, in APA format, any source
used to influence your response. Therefore, your reference list should at least
include a citation of the textbook, as you are required to apply the concepts
discussed in the textbook to the scenario.

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BCJ 4101, Police and Community Relations
1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
4. Explain how the SARA Model (scanning, analysis, response, assessment) can be applied in various
forms of policing.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 4:
Problem Solving: Proactive Policing
Chapter 5:
Implementing Community Policing
Unit Lesson
Law enforcement uses problem-solving approaches to complete their duties. There are two ways to address
problems: proactively (addressing the problem before it occurs) and reactively (addressing the problem after it
has occurred). Many of the duties performed by law enforcement are in response to an incident that is
occurring or has already occurred. For example, law enforcement is usually contacted to notify them of a
crime in progress or the discovery of a crime that has already been committed. In both instances, law
enforcement was not able to address the problem until after the problem had occurred.
However, there are strategies utilized by law enforcement that use information gathered from reactive
responses to develop strategies for reactively and proactively responding to problems identified in the
community. One such strategy is problem-oriented policing, which was developed by Herman Goldstein in
response to criticisms of the professional model’s incident-driven approach. Implicit in proactive problem-
solving approaches are the recognition of a problem and the identification of the underlying causes of that
problem. The application of problem-solving approaches in law enforcement is called problem-oriented
policing (POP). Problem-oriented policing strategies are designed to address “persistent community
problems” (Miller, Hess, & Orthmann, 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay, p. 89).
There is much discussion about the similarities and differences between problem-oriented policing and
community policing. The primary emphasis of problem-oriented policing is addressing substantive social
problems and the primary emphasis of community policing is getting the community involved in policing
process. In community policing, there is non-stop collaboration between police and community. In problem-
oriented policing, the collaboration between police and the community is on a problem-by-problem basis.
Community policing strategies allow for responses that have been developed in collaboration with the
community; however, problem-oriented policing strategies allow for the consideration of alternatives to law
enforcement responses.
The police are actively engaged in organizing and mobilizing the community when using community policing
strategies, but problem-oriented policing strategies only allow for the involvement of police in organizing and
mobilizing the community if it is related to addressing a specific problem. The community is given decision-
making authority in the community policing context; however, in the problem-oriented policing context, even
though community feedback is encouraged, law enforcement maintains the ultimate decision-making
responsibilities. Law enforcement is required to have interpersonal skills in the community policing context
whereas intellectual and analytical skills are the main emphasis in the problem-oriented policing context
(Miller et al., 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay).
UNIT III STUDY GUIDE
Community Policing
Implementation and Proactivity

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BCJ 4101, Police and Community Relations
2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
There are many problem-solving approaches that could be developed to assist law enforcement in
responding to substantive problems. The SARA model is one of the best-known problem-solving approaches
used by law enforcement. This model consists of four stages: scanning, analysis, response, and assessment.
The scanning stage involves the identification of recurring problems, prioritization of those problems, and
selection of one problem to address. In the analysis stage, the cause, the scope, and the effects of the
identified problem are examined. The response stage involves taking action to alleviate the identified problem
through the selection and implementation of solutions (i.e., interventions). In the assessment stage the
effectiveness of the implemented intervention is evaluated using qualitative and quantitative data. The
outcomes associated with the use of the SARA model of problem-solving are always viewed in a positive
light. That is to say that implemented strategies do not fail, but rather they may not reach the desired goal.
When the desired goals are not met, alternate strategies are implemented and the assessments of the initial
strategies are provided so that other communities may benefit from what was learned (Miller et al., 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay).
There are other strategies that can be used in responding to “substantive problems” in the community. The
DOC model (dilemmas-options-consequences) is designed to encourage officers to take time to think about
their decisions and the short-term and long-term consequences of those decisions. This model is designed to
assist in making ethical decisions through the infusion of problem-solving and morality (Miller et al., 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay).
Mediation is another problem-solving tool that can be used in communities to address “substantive problems.”
Other strategies such as crime-specific planning incorporate problem-solving policing, crime-specific planning,
and crime analysis. Technology is also a tool that is useful in addressing “substantive problems” in the
community. For example, CompStat and GIS programs can be used for the identification of crime hotspots
and geographic profiles of the possible residence of crime suspects.
Inherent in the problem-solving policing strategy is the potential to make mistakes during the process.
Mistakes can include overspending on important items, under budgeting, unresolved issues of importance,
close mindedness, withholding true feelings and ideas, making repeated decisions about the same problem,
finding solutions to the symptoms rather than the causes of the problem, making decisions based on
emotions, and “delaying the decision” (Miller et al., 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay, p.111). Thus, it is important that law enforcement
proceed through the problem-solving process with these mistakes in mind and make every effort to avoid
making such mistakes.
Regardless of whether problem-solving policing or community policing strategies are being utilized,
implementing such strategies require a shift from the traditional mission of law enforcement to a new mission.
“Community policing will require a change in management style, mission statement, departmental
organization, and the general approach to fighting crime” (Miller et al., 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay, p.122). Changes in management
style might require a shift from an authoritarian leadership style to a participatory leadership style in which
everyone has a voice in decisions, but the authority to make the final decision belongs to top management.
Changes to the mission statement will require the incorporation of the key premises of community policing
(i.e., problem-solving, empowerment, community partnerships, and proactivity). Changes to the departmental
organization may require that the traditional militaristic pyramid-shaped hierarchy be turned upside down to
better represent the incorporation of decentralization and a model in which law enforcement personnel have a
significant role in decision-making and communication within the law enforcement department. (Miller et al.,
2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay).
Such changes may also include the development of hiring, promotion, and training guidelines that align with
the community policing strategies outlined in the law enforcement agencies mission. Changes to the general
approach to fighting crime may include identifying a “critical mass” of citizens and organizations in the
community that can work with law enforcement to support and sustain community policing efforts in the
community. Implementing community policing strategies may require the development of a strategic plan to
help guide the implementation, sustainability and assessment of community policing strategies. It is important
to ensure that any community policing strategies utilized in the community actually fit the needs and
resources that are unique to that community. Thus, strategies could also include the development of a
community analysis in which citizens are surveyed about their perceptions of crime and disorder problems in
their community. The findings of the community analysis can be used to assist law enforcement in ensuring
that they are meeting of their community as well as to identify areas in need of improvement and possible
solutions.

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