Posted: August 11th, 2022

Preparation of an Electrode for Electrolysis cell

Preparation of an Electrode for Electrolysis cell
Without deviating much from the main subject, you can write why electrolysis is done and its usage areas today.
You don’t have to mention all the preparation methods.
You can search the types of electrodes and write the difference in preparation between these types.
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Preparation of an Electrode for Electrolysis cell
The preparation of electrodes has attracted several methods. The methods are selected based on their ability to produce electrodes on a large scale and considering other factors such as cost efficiency and convenience, safety, and energy consumption. The electrodes have several applications, and one of the major is the production of hydrogen gas, which is focusing on replacing fossil fuels as a source of energy.
The research by Allouche et al., 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service) focuses on the production of hydrogen gas by the use of graphite electrodes. Hydrogen gas has much significant importance because it is one of the gases used for the sustainable production of energy. The type of electrode used in the process is made of graphite and the use of an electrolyte together with the current for breaking the water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen. The other types of electrodes that can be used is steel and iron but are commonly applied in the electrolysis of water. The electrodes either act as anode or cathodes (Allouche et al., 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). Also, different electrodes are selected for different applications because of their reactions and the ability to resist corrosion. For instance, brass and stainless steel may be effective for application as compared to steel. However, the stainless steel releases the toxic materials while aluminum deteriorates easily.
In most of the experiments, or industrial production of gases such as hydrogen, carbon, and graphite are used because of their low cost and good thermal as well as electrical conductivity. Also, the inert property of the materials reduces contamination during the process. The porous structure of graphite helps it to adsorb hydrogen molecules (Millet, Andolfatto & Durand, 1996). The investigation and production of gases such as hydrogen has been investigated by several researchers. According to Yuvaraj & Santhanaraj (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay), the effect of decomposition graphite electrode by the use of an electrolyte leads to the production of hydrogen gas.

Figure 1 Production of Hydrogen gas using graphite electrodes (Yuvaraj & Santhanaraj (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay)
The types of electrodes and methods of preparations have been accomplished in several studies. Chen et al. (2010 – Essay Writing Service: Write My Essay by Top-Notch Writer) investigated the process of preparation of TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb electrodes by using the electrodeposition method. The type of electrode is commonly used in the treatment of wastewater containing the pollutants due to the high overpotential for oxygen evolution. The electrode is also cheap as compared to other electrodes having meal oxides. The SnO2 electrode is fabricated by using so-gel and through the method of thermal deposition. In the research by Chen el at (2010 – Essay Writing Service: Write My Essay by Top-Notch Writer), the SnO2 is prepared by the anodic oxidation of titanium substrate after the process of electrodeposition of Sb and Sn in the TiO2 nanotubes.

Figure 2 The process of formation of TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb electrodes (Chen et al. (2010 – Essay Writing Service: Write My Essay by Top-Notch Writer)
The preparation demonstrates that the preparation through the electrodeposition process prolongs the service lifetime of the TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb electrodes. The process also increases the overpotential for the evolution of oxygen and the electrochemical porosity of the electrode. Additionally, the method of preparation enhances the stability of SnO2 electrode, which is a critical factor in the bonding process.
While the method of electrodeposition involves the fabrication mechanism, the method of oxygen electrodes entails the catalytic process. The oxygen reduction electrodes, which are used for the electrolysis process and especially the chlorine and caustic, have been examined. The diffusion electrodes have distinguished properties such as a high electron conductivity, mechanical strength, and better particle morphology. According to Kiros, Pirjamali & Bursell (2006 – Write a paper; Professional research paper writing service – Best essay writers), the double layer electrodes are prepared through the process of mixing the catalysts with less welt high surface area carbon, which is used as an active layer. The structural support of the layer is a highly wet proofed carbon for the creation of high diffusivity of oxygen, which is applied in the prevention of the mixing process of the electrolyte with the gas. The layers are rolled together using the nickel wire, which acts as a current collector. The method also involves the compression process at 140 kg/cm2 as well as the drying process at 60°C (Kiros, Pirjamali & Bursell, 2006 – Write a paper; Professional research paper writing service – Best essay writers). The electrodes are then sintered at 300°C in an inert atmosphere and the use of nickel wire. The electrochemical reactor applied in the study chlor-alkali electrolysis whereby oxygen reduction electrode is used as the cathode. The application has increased high performance as well as stability of the electrodes. The electrodeposition method has also been researched by Pérez-Alonso et al. (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay) as a method for the preparation of N/Fe electrodes. The electrodes are also applied in the production of hydrogen gas, and still, nickel is used as an electrolyzer because it is cheap and can operate as a catalyst for both anode and cathode. The method is commonly used because it has to produce durable electrodes and ensures stability.
Similarly, the preparation of high-performance silver-based gas-diffusion electrodes is produced during the chlor-alkali electrolysis and the combination of the oxygen depolarized cathodes (Moussallem, Pinnow, Wagner & Turek, (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service. Custom Essay Services Cheap), the oxygen electrodes are used in the production of the silver-based electrodes. The method of preparation can easily be applied in the manufacturing of electrodes using a large scale method because it allows the adjustment of the thickness of electrodes. The oxygen reduction activity is one of the processes that facilitate the production of the electrodes. Both methods are convenient because they involve carrying out of measurements of the control factors such as voltage as well as the application of the advanced processes in the production of the electrodes.

Schematic of the electrolysis set up for the production of high-performance silver-based gas-diffusion electrodes (Moussallem, Pinnow, Wagner & Turek, (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service. Custom Essay Services Cheap).
The method involves the use of sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide as electrodes. The excess raw materials, such as NaOH are released out while oxygen and nitrogen gas are also produced (Tang et al., 2013). Also, the elimination of chlorine occurs, which can be used for other applications.
On the other hand, Hsu, Shih & Lin (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay) investigated the preparation of the Aluminium-Magnesium Alloy Electrodes (Al-Mg) by using the powder metallurgy. The electrodes are also used in the production of oxygen, which is a renewable source of energy. In the method, Al and Mg powders are used as raw materials. The materials are prepared with properties that can allow them to operate in water. The characteristics of the electrodes include the low operating potential, time stability, and should be of low cost. Therefore, the use of the powder metallurgy method is one of the convenient as well as efficient techniques with several advantages. The method is convenient and preferred as compared to the above methods because of its advantages include low energy consumption, the simple procedure involved and efficient in terms of the usage of materials.

Figure 1 Equipment for the Preparation of the Al-Mg Electrodes (Hsu, Shih & Lin (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay)
The letters represent the equipment that the apparatus is made of, which include electrodes, electrolysis cell, outer cell, potentiostat, ultrasonic generator, computing, thermometer, and camera represented as letters (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h) respectively.
On the other hand, Liu, Yang, Dong & Chen (2010 – Essay Writing Service: Write My Essay by Top-Notch Writer) investigated the preparation of Perovskite Sr2Fe1. 5Mo0. 5O6− δ, which is used as an electrode in the electrochemical cells. The method used for the preparation is known as the microwave-assisted combustion and applied in the production of hydrogen. The method can also be used as anode and cathode in the symmetrical solid oxide electrolysis cells. The use of the electrodes in the high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is commonly applied due to its efficiency in the production of hydrogen at high temperatures.
In conclusion, the methods of production of electrodes such as microwave-assisted, electrodeposition, and powder metallurgy, as well as chlor-alkali cells, have been investigated by different researchers. The methods adopted have different mechanisms used in the production of different electrodes. For instance, the use of catalysts and advanced equipment such as cameras and computers has been integrated into some methods. However, methods such as powder metallurgy are most preferred because of their efficiency; they are cheap and consume less power as compared to other methods.

References
Allouche, A., Ferro, Y., Angot, T., Thomas, C., & Layet, J. M. (2005). Hydrogen adsorption on graphite (0001) surface: A combined spectroscopy–density-functional-theory study. The Journal of chemical physics, 123(12), 124701.
Chen, Y., Hong, L., Xue, H., Han, W., Wang, L., Sun, X., & Li, J. (2010 – Essay Writing Service: Write My Essay by Top-Notch Writer). Preparation and characterization of TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb electrodes by electrodeposition. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 648(2), 119-127.
Hsu, W. N., Shih, T. S., & Lin, M. Y. (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). Preparation of Al-Mg alloy electrodes by using powder metallurgy and their application for hydrogen production. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay.
Kiros, Y., Pirjamali, M., & Bursell, M. (2006 – Write a paper; Professional research paper writing service – Best essay writers). Oxygen reduction electrodes for electrolysis in chlor-alkali cells. Electrochimica acta, 51(16), 3346-3350.
Liu, Q., Yang, C., Dong, X., & Chen, F. (2010 – Essay Writing Service: Write My Essay by Top-Notch Writer). Perovskite Sr2Fe1. 5Mo0. 5O6− δ as electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide electrolysis cells. international journal of hydrogen energy, 35(19), 10039-10044.
Millet, P., Andolfatto, F., & Durand, R. (1996). Design and performance of a solid polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 21(2), 87-93.
Moussallem, I., Pinnow, S., Wagner, N., & Turek, T. (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service. Custom Essay Services Cheap). Development of high-performance silver-based gas-diffusion electrodes for chlor-alkali electrolysis with oxygen depolarized cathodes. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 52, 125-131.
Pérez-Alonso, F. J., Adán, C., Rojas, S., Peña, M. A., & Fierro, J. L. G. (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). Ni/Fe electrodes prepared by electrodeposition method over different substrates for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline medium. International journal of hydrogen energy, 39(10), 5204-5212.
Tang, Y., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Wang, J., Chen, Y., Yang, X., & Wan, P. (2013). Energy-saving electrolysis of sodium carbonate with a silver nanoparticles/carbon oxygen reduction cathode. Electrochemistry communications, 27, 108-111.
Yuvaraj, A. L., & Santhanaraj, D. (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). A systematic study on electrolytic production of hydrogen gas by using graphite as electrode. Materials Research, 17(1), 83-87.

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