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Posted: January 24th, 2024
Pompey’s Campaign in the Caucasus
Pompey’s Campaign in the Caucasus
Pompey was a famous Roman general who fought many wars in the ancient world. One of his most remarkable campaigns was in the Caucasus, a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, where he faced the kingdoms of Iberia and Colchis. This campaign was part of the third Mithridatic War, a long conflict between Rome and Pontus, a powerful kingdom in Asia Minor.
The third Mithridatic War started in 73 BC, when Mithridates VI of Pontus rebelled against Rome and allied with Tigranes II of Armenia, who ruled over a large empire in the east. The Romans sent Lucullus to fight them, but he faced many difficulties and was eventually replaced by Pompey in 66 BC. Pompey quickly defeated Mithridates and Tigranes, and pursued Mithridates to the Caucasus, where he hoped to capture him.
However, Mithridates escaped to the Crimea, leaving Pompey to deal with his allies in the Caucasus. One of them was Artoces, the king of Iberia, a kingdom that covered most of modern Georgia. Artoces had supported Mithridates against Rome and had invaded Colchis, a neighboring kingdom on the coast of the Black Sea. Colchis was also an ally of Pontus, but its king, Aristarchus, had switched sides and asked Pompey for help.
Pompey decided to intervene in the Caucasus and marched his army across eastern Anatolia. He reached Colchis in 65 BC and met Aristarchus, who welcomed him as a liberator. Pompey then advanced into Iberia and confronted Artoces near the river Cyrus (modern Kura). The battle was fierce, but Pompey prevailed and forced Artoces to surrender. Pompey then imposed a tribute on Iberia and made it a Roman client state.
Pompey also explored the Caucasus and reached the Caspian Sea, where he encountered the Albanians and the Scythians, two nomadic peoples who lived beyond the mountains. He made peace with them and received their gifts. He also sent some of his men to explore the Caspian Sea and its islands, but they found nothing of interest.
Pompey’s campaign in the Caucasus was a success for Rome, as it secured its eastern frontier and expanded its influence over new lands and peoples. Pompey also gained fame and glory for his achievements, which he celebrated in his triumph in Rome in 61 BC.
References:
– Caucasian campaign of Pompey – Wikipedia
– Caucasian campaign of Pompey – Wikiwand
– Caucasian campaign of Pompey | Military Wiki | Fandom
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