Posted: March 29th, 2022

Police Officers’ Effect on Police-community Relations

Police Officers’ Effect on Police-community Relations
Ace homework tutors – APA title page,
Ace homework tutors – APA abstract,
introduction (including your thesis statement),
review of the literature, and
references page.
The final portion of the paper will include the following:
discussion of the literature;
analysis and findings of your research;
conclusions drawn from your research, including how the media can operate to help improve the relationship between the police and the community, especially in regards to citizen perceptions of police regarding use of force and/or excessive use of force; and
Ace homework tutors – APA references, including all references used in the development of your paper.
As you are combining the first part of your paper with the final portion, be sure to incorporate any feedback that you may have received from your professor in Unit V. Your research paper should consist of at least five pages.
All papers must be in Ace homework tutors – APA Style that includes the items listed above and use of peer-reviewed journal articles, government documents, books, or monographs. Never use anything from newspapers, news outlets, blogs, websites, or anything Wiki as they are not academically acceptable, contain significant bias, or they are can be altered (Wikipedia).
Abstract
Police departments across the United States continued to be plagued by intense criticism due to their heavy handed policing in black, brown, and other minority neighborhoods. Excessive use of force can be seen to affect a small section of the American population. But on the contrary, most of those affected by police action is the minority races in America. As such, police have come to be symbolically characterized by racial discrimination. Actions of police, especially in minority neighborhoods, continue to shape police departments’ corruption across the country. The media does not help. It creates platforms for various groups to distort the objective reality of racism, corruption, and unethical behavior and instead sanitize police action based on event-specific controversies. This is defined as social constructionism, a way America defines its reality not based on objectivity but on personal cases.

Introduction
Policing remains to be one of the most dynamic fields of work in the United States. The police’s role amidst the community continues to be shaped and reshaped across generations and space by events both within the community and the police service itself. In the United States, particularly, issues such as race relations, income inequality, cultural and political relations between different groups within society have continued to construct the police department’s role within the community. Delivery of service within the community is a crucial area that defines policing within the United States. On average, there are millions of encounters between police and civilians every year. The already preexisting social value systems define each of these encounters that most of the police department and community members already harbor. At the same time, these unique encounters serve as important measures in how the policing role affects society. Based on these measures’ outcomes, people from a specific community create meaning and evaluate the importance of the police service within their immediate society and the nation as a whole.
A social contract exists between the community and the police department that allows the police officers to pursue their mandate in maintaining social order. McCartney, Parent, and McCartney (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online) specify that the Social Contract Theory assumes humanity as a force of organization without rules, but people intentionally create and enforce rules to allow for social development. This is based on the assumption made by Thomas Hobbes (1588-1689) that society without rules and regulations will be a very dreadful place for all people to live in. As such, police departments are empowered by the community to take over the role of peacekeeper and maintain law and order. This is why it becomes critically sensational when the police’s role goes beyond maintain civil order and security. Issues such as excessive use of force, discrimination within and without the police department, corruption, and various unethical practices have been highlighted to play a greater role in how policing is perceived in the community they dispense their services. This brief report highlights how police brutality and excessive use of force, especially in black and brown communities, actively play a role in perpetuating division and creating opposition to police work. This works to further alienating the rest of the society and police force. On the other hand, the media remains to be an active mediator of police perception within the community working on framing police action.
Literature Review
The police’s role has turned from that of a civil servant into that of a crime fighter. This is according to Pollock in Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice. Emphasis on crime-fighting has brought about considerable changes into the police service, including militarization. Police have become focused on acting rather than listening to community stakeholders. Actions of police brutality have continued to be condoned by the police department chiefs and Union heads. Rarely are police actors found in a controversial situation punished or reprimanded for their actions. Here Pollock identifies that with the dawn of the 21st century and specifically the 9/11 attack, legislative action saw police gain more discretion in their role and increased decision-making stances. Pollock (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay) argues that officers in the U.S. have the power to make decisions that are not standard in all circumstances, but pegged on the immediacy in their position in the field, they have the power to deprive citizens their property, liberty and in most instances among black and brown people, their lives. Pollock (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay) also emphasizes the issue of lack of ethics within the police department showing that ethics can be empathetic to human beings. In their immediate capacity, police have continually promoted systemic racism, creating policies that continually disproportionately target the minorities.
The media plays a role in shaping how police action is perceived negatively or positively within the community. The media’s role has never been specifically to support a side for or against the police but allow the owner of a problem to justify their injustices. The role of the media is that of a mediator or a moderator between two debating sides. Simmons and Lawrence, in The Politics of Force: Media and the Construction of Police Brutality, people’s perception of objective reality and knowledge depends on events that define those moments rather than the facts on the ground. Simmons and Lawrence (2001) argue that the social construction of a problem in the west has always been beneficial to the problem’s owner rather than the actual reality of the problem. The media’s role, as such, has been to define the owner.
Surette in Media, Crime, and Criminal Justice emphasizes the meaning of social constructionism and how it defines reality and political agendas concerning police action. Surette (2007) states social constructionism identifies knowledge as something created by other people; knowledge does not mirror an objective reality; rather, it focuses on human relationships. These relationships affect how people perceive their realities. In this regard, the media creates a platform for all voices to create an opinion on what they perceive to be the problem with police action. Rather than focusing on the objective reality, the media allows people to formulate their reality based on how they perceive police and their role in the immediate environment. This is problematic because police also are given a say to manipulate the story to their advantage. The objective reality becomes undermined, while socially constructed reality that may not even be objective becomes exalted. Surette (2007) states that “Social constructionism emphasizes the shared meanings that people hold—the ideas, interpretations, and knowledge that groups of people agree to hold in common” (p30). This frustrates truth and justice from being achieved.
In line with understanding social constructionism, the article Investigating the Effects of Media Consumption on Attitudes Toward Police Legitimacy by Intravia, Wolff, and Piquero shows that for most American people, interaction with police comes first and in most cases, only through the media presentation of police actions. This implies all content news, documentaries, movies, TV shows, social media campaigns, and Radio platforms. They all give voice to proponent and opposition to the police. America is diverse, and the majority of the white population rarely interacts negatively with police action. Intravia, Wolff, and Piquero (2017) state that only 16.9% of the American population has had first-hand interaction with police. Of these, most of them are only through traffic stops and routine checks and not during an intense confrontation. First-hand interaction and interaction with police from the media widely digresses in the meaning of police activity within the community.
Callanan and Rosenberger, in their article Media and public perceptions of the police: Examining the Impact of Race and Personal Experience, identify that interactions differ by race and interaction. First-hand interaction with police and also by race differs. As such, there is a greater likelihood that white people who are given a media platform to advance a social construct of police may negatively perceive police role in the community from the rest of the majority white society.
Ace my homework – Write my paper – Online assignment help tutors – Discussion
Greater discretion afforded to police through legislative action has resulted in uneven distribution and dispensation of power by the same police department. The social contract made between the police and the public rarely considers the minority groups in society. White people are more likely to first perceive police action and role as good until they are presented with numerous police corruption sources. Wilson et al. (2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers) support this idea stating that n cases where police actions of brutality are greatly featured on the media, there is more likelihood for a white audience to believe the police’s role to have gone above the law. Callanan and Rosenberger (2011) identify the police’s role is still held in high regard across the whole society, and this can be seen in how they are always portrayed as the good guys in popular cinemas and television shows.
The problem manifests when the objective reality cannot be separated and identified from the police’s fictionalized world. While many in the minority believe that police action is harmful and hateful towards them, the social construction of policing problems is always overtaken by the majority who perceive the police as inherently good. The media becomes a key factor in giving these actors a platform to dilute the objective reality. After all, first-hand interaction with police by people from all races preempts media curated narratives and their objective perspective when viewing the community’s action with the police officer. Increased police militarization, systemic racism, and a corrupt criminal justice system define police service differently within the community.
Conclusion
Police action in minority communities and neighborhoods continue to define how they are perceived. Political, economic, cultural, religious, and social issues also continually affect how racial inclusivity defines police actions. In low-income communities, where crime and violence continue to feature, police action is especially intense. But when defined through a racial lens, minority black and brown low-income neighborhoods and communities face disproportionately excessive use of fore than white regions with the same socioeconomic characterization. Also, police actions continue to target black and brown people than white people discriminately. Statistics show that rarely are white people involved in intense and controversial police action compared to black people, although they are the minority. Also, across the divide, more black people than white people have direct relations or first-hand encounters with people who have been targeted by police brutality. The crime-fighting role of police becomes questionable by race and class through the media.

References
Callanan, V. J., & Rosenberger, J. S. (2011). Media and public perceptions of the police: Examining the impact of race and personal experience. Policing and Society, 21(2), 167-189. Retrieved from:https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2010 – Essay Writing Service: Write My Essay by Top-Notch Writer.540655
Intravia, J., Wolff, K. T., & Piquero, A. R. (2017). Investigating the effects of media consumption on attitudes toward police legitimacy. Deviant Behavior, 39(8), 963-980. Retrieved from:https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2017.1343038
Parent, R., & Parent, C. (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Chapter 2: Ethical Systems. In Ethics and Canadian Law
Enforcement. Canadian Scholars’ Press.
Pollock, Joycelyn M. (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay) Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions In Criminal Justice. Belmont:
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Print.
Simmons, H. P., & Lawrence, R. G. (2001). The politics of force: Media and the construction of
police brutality. Contemporary Sociology, 30(5), 520.Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.2307/3089363
Surette, R. (2007). Media, crime, and criminal justice: Images, realities, and policies. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Wilson, F. T., Schaefer, B., Blackburn, A. G., & Henderson, H. (2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). Cultivating police use of force perceptions through cinema: Maintaining the racial divide? Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society, 20(3), 1-22. Retrieved from https://search-proquest com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/docview/2332351549?accountid=8289

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