Posted: December 28th, 2021

Pick the one case that you think has the most impact (positive or negative) on the juvenile justice system. Then please do some outside reading and offer information from at least one source other tha

Pick the one case that you think has the most impact (positive or negative) on the juvenile justice system. Then please do some outside reading and offer information from at least one source other than a Wiki to bolster your opinion. Remember to cite your source correctly for full credit.
Howes v. Fields 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service. Custom Essay Services Cheap Fifth Amendment Inmates facing questioning by law enforcement officers while incarcerated need not be advised of their Miranda rights. Florence v. Burlington County 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service. Custom Essay Services Cheap   Officials may strip search those arrested for any offense, including minor ones, before admitting them to jail. Brown v. Plata 2011 Fourth Amendment Overcrowded conditions in California’s prisons were so egregious that the state was unable to deliver minimal care to prisoners with serious medical and mental health problems, requiring a forced reduction in prison populations. U.S. v. Georgia 2006 – Write a paper; Professional research paper writing service – Best essay writers Eighth Amendment Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, a state may be liable for rights deprivations suffered by disabled inmates held in its prisons. Johnson v. California 2005   A California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s unwritten policy of racially segregating prisoners in double cells each time they enter a new correctional facility was invalidated. Wilkinson v. Austin 2005   The Court upheld an Ohio policy allowing the most dangerous offenders to be held in “supermax” cells following several levels of review prior to transfer. Overton v. Bazzetta 2003   The Court upheld a visitation regulation that denies most visits to prisoners who commit two substance-abuse violations while incarcerated. Porter v. Nussle 2002 Eighth Amendment The Prison Litigation Reform Act’s “exhaustion requirement” applies to all inmate suits about prison life, whether they involve general circumstances or particular events and whether they allege excessive force or some other wrong. Hope v. Pelzer 2002 Eighth Amendment The Court found a constitutional violation in the case of a prisoner who was subjected to unnecessary pain, humiliation, and risk of physical harm. Booth v. Churner 2001 Eighth Amendment The Court upheld the Prison Litigation Reform Act’s requirement that state inmates must “exhaust such administrative remedies as are available” before filing a suit over prison conditions. Lewis v. Casey 1996   Inmates need not be given the wherewithal to file any and every type of legal claim. All that is required is “that they be provided with the tools to attack their sentences.” Sandin v. Conner 1995 Fourteenth Amendment The Court rejected the argument that disciplining inmates is a deprivation of constitutional due-process rights. Helling v. McKinney 1993 Eighth Amendment Environmental conditions of prison life, including second-hand cigarette smoke, that pose a threat to inmate health have to be corrected. Wilson v. Seiter 1991 Eighth Amendment The Court clarified the totality of conditions concept by holding that some conditions of confinement, taken “in combination,” may violate prisoners’ rights when each would not do so alone. Washington v. Harper 1990 Eighth Amendment A mentally ill inmate who is a danger to self or others may be forcibly treated with psychoactive drugs. Turner v. Safley 1987 First Amendment A ban on correspondence between Missouri inmates was upheld as “reasonably related to legitimate penological interests.” O’Lone v. Estate of Shabazz 1987 First Amendment An inmate’s right to religious practice was not violated by prison officials who refused to alter his work schedule so that he could attend Friday afternoon services. Whitley v. Albers 1986 Eighth Amendment The shooting and wounding of an inmate was not a violation of that inmate’s rights, because “the shooting was part and parcel of a good-faith effort to restore prison security.” Ponte v. Real 1985   Inmates are entitled to certain rights in disciplinary hearings. Hudson v. Palmer 1984 Fourth Amendment A prisoner has no reasonable expectation of privacy in his prison cell and no protections against what would otherwise be “unreasonable searches.” Block v. Rutherford 1984 First Amendment State regulations may prohibit meetings of inmate unions as well as the use of the mail to deliver union information within the prison; also, prisoners do not have a right to be present during cell searches. Rhodes v. Chapman 1981 Eighth Amendment Double-celling of inmates is not in itself cruel and unusual punishment. Ruiz v. Estelle 1980 Eighth Amendment Unconstitutional conditions were found to exist within the Texas prison system—including overcrowding, understaffing, brutality, and substandard medical care. Cooper v. Morin 1980   Neither inconvenience nor cost is an acceptable excuse for treating female inmates differently from male inmates. Bell v. Wolfish 1979 Fourth Amendment Pretrial detainees and other prisoners may be strip searched, to include body-cavity searches, as needed, regardless of the reason for their incarceration. Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc. 1977 First Amendment Inmates have no inherent right to publish newspapers or newsletters for use by other inmates. Bounds v. Smith 1977   This decision resulted in the creation of law libraries in many prisons. Estelle v. Gamble 1976 Eighth Amendment Prison officials have a duty to provide proper inmate medical care. Ruiz v. Estelle 1975 Eighth Amendment Conditions of confinement within the Texas prison system were found to be unconstitutional. Wolff v. McDonnell 1974 Fourteenth Amendment Sanctions cannot be levied against inmates without appropriate due process. Procunier v. Martinez 1974 First Amendment Censorship of inmate mail is acceptable only when necessary to protect legitimate governmental interests. Pell v. Procunier 1974 First Amendment Inmates retain First Amendment rights that are not inconsistent with their status as prisoners or with the legitimate penological objectives of the corrections system. U.S. v. Hitchcock 1972 Fourth Amendment A warrantless cell search is not unreasonable. Cruz v. Beto 1972 First Amendment Inmates have to be given a “reasonable opportunity” to pursue their religious faiths; also, visits can be banned if they constitute a threat to security. Johnson v. Avery 1968   Inmates have a right to consult “jailhouse lawyers” when trained legal assistance is not available. Monroe v. Pape 1961   Inmates have a right to bring action in federal court when deprived of their rights by state officers acting under color of state law.

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