Posted: January 2nd, 2023

Physics and Nartural Science

Title: Physics and Natural Sciences

Homework help – Summary
The video on human population dynamics explains how human actions affect our population as well as the ecosystem. Demography is science of society and works on getting data about population ,settlement as well as the effect of climate change on the environment. population is measured through census. Data concerning health, death, migration is collected. The data is collected to know the nature and living standards of people.
The information is used for education, health, and traffic planning. The population of data is as well used to find its implication to the environment. Various regions have problems concerning sustainability, especially the accessibility of water. Places like Cape town are fast-growing over the years, where an increase in generation of waste as well as nitrogen side. The world population has increased where scientists have made studies that emission of greenhouse gases has caused climate change. Sea level rise, food insecurity air pollution are some of the impacts related to climate change.
An increase in ocean levels leads to flooding as well as coastal storms leading to destruction of properties — inadequate water systems as well as contamination of water leading to -borne diseases. Storms surges in New York have led to destruction of properties as well as death, especially people living along the coastal regions, which are the most affected by climate change. Population affects distribution of resources where most s developing countries have inadequate resources, for instance, in Bangladesh, where pollution is high due to the uncontrolled high population.

Introduction
Human population growth has changed over the years, which is evident through the scientific study of the population. Studies on the distribution, size, and structure of society are done. Differences between population distribution and size from earlier to today be experienced, especially through a share of the available resources. Various predictions are made by demographers after the study on how the population will affect the living standards of people as well as the relationship between population and social, economic, and cultural factors. Structural factors affecting population change are death rates, life expectancy, immigration, as well as emigration.
The population is done after a decade whereby data is collected for better planning of resources and environmental conservation. Census provides information on the death rates, birth rate immigrants as well as an immigrant in a country. The number of people determines everything going on as well as plans. The death rate is the total number of live births per 1000 population yearly. Death rates affect the human population change in both a positive and negative change. There have been various effects of death rates initiated by diseases such as cholera and Ebola in most parts of the USA, including Africa.
Infant Mortality rate is also part of death rates, whereby is the percentage of children dying is higher as compared to the birth rates for compensation. The mortality rate is higher in developing countries where there are inadequate medical facilities as well as urgent treatment of related respiratory diseases during birth. Death is not the only effect of population change, but a combination of death, fertility rate, and movement of people affect population change.
Life expectancy is the average number an infant can live at birth according to the current mortality level. According to the USA, census reports have remained stagnant and experiencing a decline, especially in Japan and Italy. Policies to boost fertility rates are put in place. For instance, the replacement of the human workforce with the use of robots and artificial intelligence, they are allowing immigration as well as increasing the retirement age of older people.
A low fertility rate leads to a small population, which is a decisive factor due to less congestion as well as balance between the available resources and community. Most parents get few children due to the cost of childcare as well as lack of support from the government in child support and parental leaves. The introduction of contraceptives has led to a reduction of teenage birth rates, therefore, low fertility levels. Women between the ages of 30-45 are getting kids as compared to the age of 20-30 due to schooling and work pressure.
Immigrants are the people entering into a county. Migration contributes to population change, where Most residents of the USA are immigrants from Africa as well as Asia. People move from places of origin due to economic issues and the urge to attain their dreams due to the available and advanced educational facilities as well as the availability of job opportunities. Terrorism and internal wars are reasons behind migration.
The American government is a pull factor towards immigration due to the introduction of the green card lottery, which is available yearly. Immigration can be reduced by control of country borders by applying policies on the immigrants. Migration is the most important cause of population change because immigrants procreate, and their descendants continue to increase the population.
Emigrants are people leaving a country to another for permanent or temporary residence. Most European have moved to the USA due to high suffering in Europe. Economic modernization, technology, religious discrimination, and ethnicity are contributing factors towards immigration in the USA. Both emigration and immigration lead to population change in the country migrated from, and the ones migrated. For instance, a low population in European countries such as Denmark and large communities in the USA due to the high movement.
Urbanization has led to the growth and development of cities. Cities with higher growth of industries and social amenities are known as a megacity. Megacities have contributed to changes in the environment, which have impacts on the local surrounding as well as regions surrounding.For instance, China, china is a megacity with high development and an increase in population.
Development of cities leads to migration therefore, leading to a more senior community that affects the environment through pollution, food production as well as security. Megacities are affected by the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon IV oxide due to the processing factories and the increasing use of personal vehicles.
Megacities have brought about climate change, which has negative impacts and few positive impacts. For instance, the emission of greenhouse gases leads to an increase in temperatures miserable for water generation and food production. Due to the high population in megacities, garbage and sewage runoffs in towns are famous, leading to the contraction of diseases such as cholera and malaria. Effects of acidic rain and the impact of nitrogen and carbon IV oxide affecting the respiratory system. Carbon IV oxide has led to massive production of food through photosynthesis but through control and minimal use of megacities. Large cities consume more resources compared to the small towns because large cities are not strategizing on the use of energy-saving gadgets as cars; instead, more effluents and fossil fuels are being used ad developed.
Carrying capacity is the ability of the earth to sustain its population with the available resources at hand. A human being requires basic needs, social amenities as well as economic opportunities for survival if not for a comfortable living. Technology has come up with strategies in food production as well as energy production for sustainable balance. People have tried to come with survival tactics on the use and contentment of the available resources.
Carrying capacity has no limit, and if the earth had a deadline, everything could not be in existence. Population control, Urbanization, education services, Artificial intelligence as well as development in infrastructure have brought about sustainability, which has stretched the earth into more life holding environment. Her are so many different opinions about this because resources available are expected to be multiplied and spread further for sustainability.For example, instead of using solar as a source of energy and use of electric cars, more fossil fuel vehicles are made therefore living better on more instead of economically living better on the less and improvised resources.
Demography is the science of population where, through the study of people, data is required during population estimation. Census conduction is done after ten years. Information is collected from regions about the number of people about death rates, birth rates, immigration, emigration as well as life expectancy, all these factors determine the change in population on either a rise or fall in population size. Increasing the rate of urbanization has brought about development in megacities. Megacities have affected the environment due to the high population experienced.
Emission of greenhouse gases is the primary cause of both climate and environmental changes. The earth’s ability to sustain its future population with the available resources have raised questions on whether the planet has reached its limit. Regardless of the green revolution and technological advancement, the consumption of resources is the most important. The use of alternative and better living with fewer resources and conservation of energy is encouraged instead of consuming and wasting resources.

Reference
http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/unit/text.php?unit=5&;secNum=1

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