Posted: February 5th, 2023

Investigating Pandemics and Epidemics

Investigating Pandemics and Epidemics:

Understanding the spread of infectious diseases is important in controlling and preventing pandemics and epidemics.

The investigation of pandemics and epidemics involves a multidisciplinary approach, including public health, epidemiology, laboratory science, and clinical medicine.

Public health officials play a crucial role in identifying and tracking outbreaks, determining the source of the infectious agent, and implementing control measures to prevent further spread.

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations. Epidemiologists use data and statistical methods to determine the patterns of disease transmission and the factors associated with the spread of the infectious agent.

Laboratory science plays a crucial role in identifying the causative agent of an outbreak and determining its susceptibility to available treatments and vaccines.

Clinical medicine plays a key role in diagnosing and treating individuals infected with the disease, as well as monitoring the course of the illness and collecting data on the clinical characteristics of the disease.

Effective investigation of pandemics and epidemics requires timely and accurate data collection, thorough analysis, and prompt communication of results to public health authorities and the general public.

References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Epidemiology and Surveillance. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/publichealthgateway/epidemiology/index.html
World Health Organization. (2021). Epidemiology. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/health-topics/epidemiology#tab=tab_1
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021). Laboratory Science in Public Health. Retrieved from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/subject/laboratory-science-public-health
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Investigating Pandemics and Epidemics
Introduction
HIV/AIDs is a pandemic that started in the 1980s. Initially, people associated the disease with homosexuals. Today, the disease is common among minority groups. Some of the affected groups are women and girls in rural areas (Valdiserri & Holtgrave, 2020). Today, governments are taking efforts to prevent the spread of the disease. The purpose of the essay is to examine the HIV/AIDs pandemic among African-American communities and prevention mechanisms.
HIV/AIDs Pandemic
The selected pandemic is HIV/AIDs which started a disease associated with homosexuals in the 1980s. Today, the condition still affects the minority communities leading to adverse health outcomes and deaths (Valdiserri & Holtgrave, 2020). Trends indicate that the pandemic affects the African-American minorities (Wang et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Healthcare workers had a challenge of containing the disease due to the stigma, denial, and discrimination associated with the disease.
The investigative process of identifying the outbreak is public health surveillance. The process involved epidemiology, tracking the trends, identifying where the disease is going, and projecting the future trends (Wang et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). I started by investigating the African American women in rural areas who were struggling with the pandemic which affects their health and their children (Remien et al., 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). The pandemic affects women in rural areas who are in their reproductive age. The focus was to help other women and young girls from getting infected with the disease.
The epidemiologic triangle of HIV/AIDs involved an agent, a host, and environment. The agent is the human immunodeficiency virus while the host is a human body and the environment is the body fluids or blood infected with the virus (Remien et al., 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). The epidemiologic triad explains the infections among African-American women.
The healthcare interventions responsible for controlling the spread of the massive infections of the pandemic is patient and community education. One of the factors that lead to the rise in the number of infections is the stigma associated with the disease (Kemp et al., 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). People did not want to acknowledge the disease and thus did not seek treatment or precautions to avoid transmission to other people (Kemp et al., 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). For example, people did not notify their partners they were infected with the virus thus leading to more cases of HIV/AIDs infections and deaths.
The situation changed when communities embraced preventive measures such as protected sex and treatment with antiretroviral drugs. The interventions were crucial in preventing deaths and increasing life expectancy among the people infected with the virus (Adams et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Protected sex was another measure that helped communities to prevent the further spread of the disease.
The government, communities, and individuals should have made some steps to prevent the outbreak. One of the measures is to educate the community that the disease did not discriminate against communities or individuals (Adams et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Educating the communities could allow them to come out to acknowledge they were infected. The approach would prevent the further spread of the disease. Some of the various agencies that could help control or prevent the escalation of the outbreak include the Center for Disease Control, World Health Organization, Food, and Drug Administration, and local healthcare facilities (Kemp et al., 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). Some of the ongoing efforts include massive voluntary testing, educating communities to eliminate stigma, providing them with free antiretroviral drugs and condoms.
Conclusion
HIV/AIDs is a pandemic that affected people of all ages and ethnic groups. The pandemic mostly affects African-American communities. Governments and healthcare agencies are taking efforts to prevent the spread of the disease by educating communities, providing free and voluntary testing, and offering antiretroviral drugs.

References
Adams, J. W., Lurie, M. N., King, M. R., Brady, K. A., Galea, S., Friedman, S. R., … & Marshall, B. D. (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Potential drivers of HIV acquisition in African-American women related to mass incarceration: an agent-based modelling study. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1-11.
Kemp, C. G., Lipira, L. L., David, H. U. H., Nevin, P. E., Turan, J., Simoni, J. M., … & Deepa, R. A. O. (2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). HIV stigma and viral load among African-American women receiving treatment for HIV: A longitudinal analysis. AIDS (London, England), 33(9), 1511.
Nicholson, T. P., Blazer, E. C., Hymes, A. S., & Ginley, M. K. (2023). A Qualitative Investigation into the Trauma Exhibited by First Responders Impacted by the Opioid Epidemic. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-22.
Remien, R. H., Stirratt, M. J., Nguyen, N., Robbins, R. N., Pala, A. N., & Mellins, C. A. (2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). Mental health and HIV/AIDS: the need for an integrated response. AIDS (London, England), 33(9), 1411.
Valdiserri, R. O., & Holtgrave, D. R. (2020). Responding to pandemics: what we’ve learned from HIV/AIDS. AIDS and Behavior, 24(7), 1980-1982.
Wang, R. J., Li, J. Q., Chen, Y. C., Zhang, L. X., & Xiao, L. H. (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Widespread occurrence of Cryptosporidium infections in patients with HIV/AIDS: Epidemiology, clinical feature, diagnosis, and therapy. Acta Tropica, 187, 257-263.
Zhu, Peican, et al. “Investigation of epidemic spreading process on multiplex networks by incorporating fatal properties.” Applied Mathematics and Computation 359 (2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers): 512-524.
Hussein, Heba Adel Ahmed. “Investigating the role of the urban environment in controlling pandemics transmission: Lessons from history.” Ain Shams Engineering Journal 13.6 (2022): 101785.

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