Posted: August 13th, 2022

In-Vehicle Networks

In-Vehicle Networks
Only question 10 essay.
Question 10: Ace my homework – Write my paper – Online assignment help tutors – Discuss and critically describe the challenges the automotive industry faces to implement dynamic Ethernet configuration. To help you in your research, limit your answer to the following topics: Dynamic vs Static addressing, Service Discovery and Software-Defined Networking. (1500 words ± 10%). You are expected to give an introduction and a short description of each topic focusing on IVN, followed by a critical discussion of the pros and cons of topic within the development of IVN. Also, you are expected to critically discuss about their potential usage for future applications related to smart and connected vehicles.

In-Vehicle Networks
The developments in the automotive industry regarding the current and future transportation systems have resulted in challenges in the implementation of dynamic Ethernet configuration. The transportation system requires the use of in-vehicle network designs that are capable of handling heterogeneous data produced by various types of Electronic Control Modules (ECUs). This paper focuses on three aspects of the in-vehicle network that are considered to pose a challenge in the interoperability between the electronic control modules and the vehicle to enable effective communication.
Dynamic vs. Static Addressing
The first aspect is the dynamic and static addressing in the in-vehicle network, which involves internet protocol (IP) addresses that link the vehicle and the network. The IP address is assigned to each vehicle for identification purposes that allow the vehicle to communicate with each other. Both dynamic and static addresses can be used in the automotive industry in the implementation of Ethernet configuration in the in-vehicle network. Static addressing is the IP address that does not change, whereby the vehicle is specifically located an IP address that is permanent until the vehicle is decommissioned or the in-vehicle network architecture is changed (Avast, 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). The static IP address used may be IPv6 or IPv4 that are both unique from device to device. On the other hand, dynamic IP addressing involves the use of IP addresses that are subject to change and are allocated by the Dynamic Host Configurations Protocol (DHCP) servers. With the dynamic address IP, every IP assigned to the in-vehicle network is generated each time the vehicle is involved in a new session.
The advantages associated with static IP addressing techniques in the in-vehicle network include better support of the Domain Name System (DNS) through easy setup and management. Another pro of the static IP is that it provides a more convenient remote control through the virtual private network (VPN). Static IP address offers a more reliable communication between vehicles, including voice and video communication (Avast, 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). With the static IP address, the geolocation services of the vehicle are effective as the vehicle can be matched with its physical location. However, the static IP address has various disadvantages that include high costs for those installed in in-vehicle networks. The other con for the static IP is a security concern. The Static IP is easily hackable, which endangers the ability of the vehicle to protect the users’ safety. The concern of security in the static IP can be addressed by the devices being protected through a different mechanism, including Avast Internet Security and Avast SecureLiNe VPN.
The dynamic IP has various advantages in the in-vehicle network that include being easy to manage, cheaper deployment, and ability to conduct automatic configuration through the DHCP. The dynamic IP is also associated with lower fees in terms of managed and deploying. The other benefit of the dynamic IP address is the unlimited IP addressing, which allows IP addresses to be reused within the in-vehicle network. Dynamic IP also offers robust network security, preventing possible attacks that might compromise the operation of the vehicle, thus assuring the user’s safety. However, dynamic IP address also contains disadvantages that include the possibility of not working effectively in DSN hosted devices due to changes in address for each season. The problem can be solved by deploying Dynamic DNS services, although they are associated with high price and complexity. The other con of the dynamic address IP in in-vehicle networks is that it may limit remote access due to connectivity problems. More downtime is also expected when using the dynamic IP address when the ISP fails to the vehicle with an IP address when entering another session. The dynamic IP address is also associated with inaccurate geolocation (Colocation America Inc., 2020).Both dynamic and static IP addresses are considered important in the future development of in-vehicle networks due to their ability to keep the IP Address of individuals’ cars secured, ensuring a more secure connection among vehicles. The dynamic IP address could be effective for future applications in smart and connected vehicles, whereby the car owner has full control of the IP address.
Service Discovery
One of the difficulties encountered by the automotive industry in Ethernet configuration implementation is the transmission of data from information from valued traffic information to the vehicle through the in-vehicle networks. The process of service discovery involves the automatic detection of devices and services on a network (Avi Networks, 2020). The detection of networks is conducted by the service discovery protocol (SDP), which is a networking standard capable of accomplishing resource identification on networks. Service discovery in the automotive is used in connecting vehicles through a common language on the in-vehicle network allowing the vehicles and services on the network to connect automatically. Service discovery incorporates two types that include server-side service discovery that allow the vehicle to find services such as road safety updates through roadside devices or routers. The other type of service discovery is the client-side which allows the services on the network to find the vehicle, for instance, the road sign information transmission to the in-vehicle network through querying a service registry.
Service discovery, which involves real-time data dissemination, is applied in the in-vehicle networks to ensure VANETs information regarding traffic is timely collected, stored, appraised, and updated. The service discovery in automotive such as VANET incorporate providing the vehicle with real-time traffic update and providing the traveler with information services such as updates regarding the safety of the road, the vehicle, and alarm information (Tang, Zhu & Duan, 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Service discovery in the in-vehicle network depends on several aspects of data transmission. The first is data dissemination, which becomes a challenge when the high traveling speeds of data might result in the alteration of the flow of traffic, causing difficulties in data transfer. Another aspect is data subscription, which involves vehicles subscribing to service discovery allowing the vehicle to provide the subscribed information to the traveler when required. The last aspect of data transmission is data retrieval, which is also driven by the in-vehicle network, which uses the service discovery to post-detailed information requested by the user on the network.
The advantages of service discovery in the in-vehicle network that it ensures the vehicle handles the applications and information effectively by taking the lookup procedures and request making for services to the router to provide the vehicle with automatic real-time traffic updates. The service discovery also provides the traveler with crucial information regarding updates on the safety of the road, the vehicle, and alarm information. Another advantage of service discovery is that it utilizes the client-side service discovery to eliminate traffic through a router, which helps in avoiding extra hop. The potential usage of the service discovery for application to smart and connected vehicles in the future will enhance the vehicle accessibility to services and information as service discovery can be integrated with the Virtual IP addresses linking the service’s name and IP address (access information).

Software-Defined Networking
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is advanced network programmability that enables manipulation of routing tables and routing engines and complex feature implementation, including failover that is a mechanism that is used to protect in-vehicle networks from failing. The SDNIVN is to ensure safety between different ECU protocols and interoperability features (Halba, Mahmoudi & Griffor, 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). SDNIVN incorporates electronic control units (ECUs) that are used to generate and receive data and to transmit the data to the Ethernet frames using the IP addresses of the vehicle. The ECUs generate messages with unique frequencies making each message to be interpreted as a representative of a specific function.
The advantages of SDN is that it allows fast failover in the process that the link failure occurs, which enables the message to be delivered in time regardless of the changes in the frequency of data or fresh rate of transfer. The other advantage of the SDN is that it provides a benefit of leveraging unicast communication, which reduces the eavesdropping risk on automotive components (Hakiri, Berthou, Gokhale & Schmidt, 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). However, the noted disadvantage of SDN is that there is a need for OpenFlow update on a frequent basis resulting in the production of high overload from the topology discovery, increasing the response time and overload. The potential future usage of SDNIVN in smart and connected vehicles is through its ability to support fast failover that could enable future autonomous vehicles to self-heal in the event of link failure.
References
Avast, 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers. Static vs. Dynamic IP Addresses. Available at: . [Accessed on 26 Apr. 2020].
Avi Networks, 2020. Service Discovery. Available at: < https://avinetworks.com/glossary/service-discovery/#main>. [Accessed on 26 Apr. 2020].
Colocation America Inc., 2020. WHAT IS A STATIC IP ADDRESS? Available at: < https://www.colocationamerica.com/static-ip-address-vs-dynamic-ip-address.htm>. [Accessed on 26 Apr. 2020].
Halba, K., Mahmoudi, C., & Griffor, E., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online. Robust Safety for Autonomous Vehicles through Reconfigurable Networking. National Institute Of Standards and Technology. Available at: < https://deepai.org/publication/robust-safety-for-autonomous-vehicles-through-reconfigurable-networking>. [Accessed on 26 Apr. 2020].
Hakiri, A., Berthou, P., Gokhale, A., & Schmidt, D., 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay. Software-Defined Networking: Challenges and research opportunities for Future Internet. Computer Networks. DOI: 10.1016/j.comnet.2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay.10.015
Tang, L., Zhu, Y., & Duan, Z., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online. Data Dissemination in Service Discovery for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey. IET Intelligent Transport Systems. 12(10). DOI: 10.1049/iet-its.2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online.5037

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