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Corporate governance and performance: listed Saudi firms,Thesis Proposal

Corporate Governance and Performance in listed firms in Saudi Arabia
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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………..………………..3
2.0 Aims and Objectives………………………………………………………….……………….4
3.0 Research Questions…………………………………………………………………..………..4
4.0 Literature Review
4.1 Theoretical Literature Review……………………………………………….………….….…5
4.2 Agency Theory of Corporate Governance……………………………………….…………….5
4.3 Stewardship Theory……………………………………………..…………..…………………6
4.4 Stakeholder Theory of Corporate Governance……………………………………………..…6
5.0 Empirical Literature Review…………………………………………………….……………….7
5.1 Importance of Corporate Governance………………………………………………………8
6.0 Control Variables
6.1 Board Size…………………………………………………..……………………………9
6.2 Quality of External Audit and Audit Committee…………………………………….….9
6.3 Firm Performance (ROA)……………………………………………………………..…9
6.4 Independency of the Board…………………………………….……………………….10
7.0 HYPOTHESES………………………………………………………………………..……..10
8.0 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………11
8.1 Data……………………………………………………………………………………….11
8.2 Method……………………………………………………………………………..….…12
8.3 Estimation of Corporate Governance……………………………………..………….…..12
8.4 Firm Performance…………………………………..…………………………….….…..13
9.0 Research Ethics…………………………………………..………………………….……….14
10.0 Time scale………………………………………………….……………………….….……14
11.0 References List………………………………………………….……………….……..…..15

Corporate Governance and Performance
Introduction
Corporate governance has been growing significantly in the emerging economies to deal with irregularities in Saudi Arabia. According to Al-Ghamdi and Rhodes (2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service), poor corporate governance leads to poor productivity and dissatisfaction among the diverse stakeholders. In the last years, the significance of corporate governance can be determined by the increased academic research studies. The research studies has determined the exceptional corporate governance programs that enhances economic value added (EVA) of companies, enhancing productivity and reducing risks of financial failures for nations. Among the emerging market nations, the improving of the corporate governance will help to improve public policy programs.
Good corporate governance is useful in reducing the market vulnerabilities to improve performance of the organization and promoting the development of the capital markets. Nevertheless, weak corporate governance programs lower the investor confidence and undermine external investment. According to the agency theory, Alhassan, Bajaher and Alshehri (2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service) indicated that when there is possibility of principal-agent conflicts if the management roles and functions are separated from the ownership functions aligned with the inherence of asymmetric data and information. The conflicts usually exist because of the improper use of corporate assets and resources. Thus, the diverse internal and external processes are useful in promoting corporate governance and preventing potential agency conflicts.
Corporate governance has emerged as one of the most significant themes in the corporate world due to the increased accounting scandals and corruption issues. The research would help in determining the factors that influencing improved corporate governance and their impacts of the firms’ performance (Bahrawe, Haron, & Hasan, 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). In 2006 – Write a paper; Professional research paper writing service – Best essay writers, the Saudi Arabia government developed proper reforms to improve the corporate governance processes for its firms. The goals of the corporate governance programs was useful in improving the efficiency of the market processes, expanding investor confidence and offering mechanism to assists in assessing the firms’ performance (Alotaibi, & Hussainey, 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). The corporate governance process might impact on the performance of the firms including the board size, independence of the audit committee and audit size, and the audit committee size.
The impact of the corporate governance process is targeted to influence the firm’s performance which is a critical issue for the stakeholders. The aspect is critical in promoting the identification of the key factors that influences the performance of the firms and considering the key indicators of the firm’s success or failure. Al-Janadi, Rahman and Omar (2013) determine the connection between the corporate governance programs and the firms’ performance in the Saudi Arabia listed firms. The findings confirmed that corporate governance and the firm’s performance were related. However, Srairi (2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service) determined that corporate governance had a small impact on the firm’s share prices and on its overall performance. For research study, Saudi Arabia was the best country for study because of their efforts to improve the corporate governance. Saudi Arabia has become a global hub of financial markets and stock exchanges. Thus, the research study was appropriate in studying Saudi Arabia to push for transparency and accountability.
However, there are two main contributions of this study as follow: First, this study will contribute to the existing debate about the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance and these different views will make us care about studying the Saudi environment because it is considered one of the emerging countries. Second, the study will provide a future reference for research works and studies relating to corporate governance in Saudi Arabia. The two contributions are important in reducing the knowledge back in corporate governance in Saudi Arabia.
Aim and Objectives
The purpose of the research study is to determine the level of corporate governance programs in the listed companies in Saudi Arabia and determine the effect of the corporate governance practices on the company’s performance.
Research Questions
To address the theme, the researchers will focus on addressing these research questions;
1. How the board size affects the performance of the Saudi Arabia listed firms?
2. What is the relationship between the financial performance and independence of audit committee of Saudi Arabia?
3. What is the relationship between the audit committee size and the performance of the company?
Literature Review
Theoretical Literature Review
Agency Theory of Corporate Governance
The agency theory is strong in promoting corporate governance and improving transparency within the organizations. The agency theory is described as the connection between the principals and the managers (Arouri, Muttakin, Hossain, & Al Farooque, 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). The theory is critical in promoting agency relationships within the organization. The agency theory is critical in improving the congruence between the principals and the agents within the organization (Giannarakis, Konteos & Sariannidis, 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). The model seeks to ensure that the employees are accountable in their roles and responsibilities that improve good governance structure and practices.
The agency theorists assume that protecting the shareholders’ interests depends on the ability to assume the oversight roles and functions. The performance of the boards is keen on monitoring the roles and duties of the members that promotes the effectiveness of the board members, independence of the audit committee, and a transparent board culture (Mollah, Hassan, Al Farooque & Mobarek, 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). The size and independence of the boards and the audit committee is an important consideration in improving the corporate governance process. Academics and regulators have relied on these metrics to determine the performance and corporate governance success of the publicly listed firms. In many research studies, they are keen to obtain a better view of the corporate governance structure. Many research studies including by Habbash and Alagla (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online) assumes that the firm’s performance is mainly dependent on the board size and independence of the audit committees. One focus of the research study is to determine the relationship between the corporate governance and the financial performance of the Saudi Arabia listed firms.
Stewardship Theory
The stewardship model is critical in protecting and maximizing the stakeholders’ interests through promoting firm performance and productivity. In this model, stewards define the executives and the managers who work in protecting the interests of the customers and maximizing wealth. Unlike agency model, the stewardship model focuses the organizational success through satisfaction and motivation (Al-Malkawi, Pillai, & Bhatti, 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). However, the stewardship model determines the significance of the corporate governance structure, which empowers stewards and maximum transparency created on significant trust and recognition. The stewardship framework is useful in coordinating the functions of the boards as well as the protecting the interests of the shareholders.
Stakeholder Theory of Corporate Governance
The stakeholder model is integrated through promoting corporate accountability to a wide range of stakeholders. The stakeholder theory is created from the diverse programs and factors through the incorporation of philosophy and organizational frameworks. The networks of the diverse relationships with the diverse groups influence the decision making processes and outcomes (Zeitun & Haq, 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). The stakeholder theory focuses in promoting managerial decision making process as well as integrating the stakeholders’ interests. The critical engagement of the different stakeholders is critical in improving accountability and transparency.
According to Abdallah and Ismail (2017), corporate governance can be defined as the relationship between the persons within the firms including the management, shareholders and other persons. The boards are responsible to promote the interests of the stakeholders including the suppliers and customers among others. Based on stakeholder’s model, corporate governance is a material approach aimed at protecting the welfare of the various stakeholders. It seeks to maximize wealth through promoting interactions of the diverse persons including the board of directors and the shareholders (Al-Moataz, & Hussainey, 2013). The structure of corporate governance is critical in maintaining focus on the rights of the shareholders and promoting other rights. The presentation of the research study focuses on understanding the internal corporate governance aspects such as the board members, audit committees and their composition in relation to the firms’ performance.
Empirical Literature Review
Corporate governance is useful in building the overall trust in the markets and attracting investors in the corporation. The corporate governance process promotes the investors’ confidence through promoting the inherent independent members of the boards. It also assists in promoting the level of confidence required in the implementation and upholding of the business ethics codes and principles (Robertson, Diyab, & Al-Kahtani, 2013). All the Saudi Arabia firms are demanded to implement the corporate governance rules because of the significance of the corporate governance programs to enhance financial and market performance. The adoption of the corporate governance process helps in lowering the potential risks for the investors, promoting investment capital, and supporting business and firm’s performance.
Importance of Corporate Governance
According to Kamal Hassan and Saadi Halbouni (2013), there are various reasons to recognize the significance of corporate governance in the integration of the capital markets. Naushad and Malik (2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service) determine that the intensification of the global competition and technological improvements is critical in improving asset efficiency and the shareholder value. The technological improvements are useful in reducing the transaction costs through promoting global capital markets which is more accessible. The prevalence of the governance integration and the relationship based activities is critical in resolving agency issues. Traditional corporate governance process including stakeholders and independent directors are not adequate in dealing with the relationship problems (Al-Thuneibat, Al-Rehaily, & Basodan, 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). The agency issues and weak corporate governance leads to poor financial performance and risky financing processes. However, they are useful in overcoming the potential macroeconomic crises. As a result, the agency problems and corporate governance programs affects the firms’ performance.
The corporate governance experts recommend the need for the firms to expand their monitoring of the management through offering the directors with the adequate financial proportion in the firms’ performance. Dalwai, Basiruddin and Abdul Rasid (2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service) notes that incentives offered to the directors have a positive impact on the degree of monitoring by the board members and through comprehensive compensation. The incentive based programs helps in increasing the level of monitoring through proper board control and management actions. Twairesh (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay) considers the board committees a critical element of the corporate governance processes. The board committees are able to ensure that the audit committees remain focused on accountability and transparency to promote positive firms’ performance.
The researchers determine the corporate governance can be determined through the firm’s performance through the return on assets. Tilt (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online) notes that the corporations facing financial problems are likely to engage in poor corporate governance programs and processes. The indications of the return on assets (ROA) are critical indicators of the firm’s performance (Zeitun, & Saleh, 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). The corporate governance programs are critical in shaping and understanding the financial performance of the company. The metric evaluates the percentage of returns attributable to the company’s assets. Such models are critical in improving the quality of corporate governance processes and programs within the organization.
6.0 Measurement of Variables and Descriptive Statistics
6.1 Dependent variables
According to Twairesh (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay), the performance of the companies depends on three key aspects including ROA, Tobin’s Q, and ROE. These aspects are dependent variables in the regression model for the research work. The study relied on the return on equity to evaluate the firms’ financial performance, the return on assets to assess the operational success, and the Tobin’s Q to evaluate the market performance of the firm.
6.2 The Independent Variables
6.2.1 Board Size
The board of the directors is expected to monitor and evaluate the management of the firms. The independence of the directors is seen as critical factor in monitoring the managerial behavior and actions. The numerous independent board members are useful in improving the monitoring and the limiting the potential activities of the company’s managers. Thus, the organizations are expected to engage in voluntary disclosures (Yoshikawa, Zhu, &Wang, 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). Most empirical studies found out that the board size of small companies are more effective and better compared to the large size boards. It is because the small boards have better board composition and functions compared to the large size boards. The larger boards might face problems such as the lack of proper coordination, communication, and flexibility that eliminates their large benefits. Therefore, the small size boards are effective than the larger boards I the organizations.
6.2.2 Independence of the Audit Committee
The empirical figures on the connection between the independence of the audit committee and the firm’s performance are unclear. However, Farooq and Satt (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay) notes the independence of the audit committee has positive impacts on the performance of the firms. There is a positive relationship between the firm’s performance and the independent audit committees as indicated by ROA. In addition, Alhazaimeh, Palaniappan and Almsafir (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay) notes independent directors can assist in reducing the agency conflicts and problems. According to Farooq and Satt (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay), the independence of the directors can reduce the agency conflicts. The audit committees help in strengthening the internal audit roles through overseeing the overall management’s evaluation of the business risks.
6.2.3 Audit Committee Size
The audit committee serves a good role as a board committee. The role of the audit committee is keen to act as independent person in promoting the interests of the stakeholders, financial reporting, and the internal control (Kim, Sung, &Wei, 2017). The size of the audit committee is useful depending on their ability to promote corporate governance and transparency. A larger size of audit committee can reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of the boards in enhancing transparency and accountability. A small size of the audit committee of estimated 5 to 7 audit committee members (Nobanee, & Ellili, 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). The small number of the audit committee is effective and more efficient in promoting accountability.
Moreover, the size of the audit committee influences the ability of the members to perform their work well. Numerous corporate governance reports have recommended for at least three audit committee members. It is expected that larger audit committee are formed for higher organizational status and authority and increased knowledge base. However, an audit committee can incur losses and confusion of responsibility when the directives are unclear.
Control Variables
The control variables will be represented by the different models of the research work. They include the board size, the audit committee size, and the independence of the audit committee. The variables are measured at the period, t. The industry and annual indicator variables are useful in shaping the industry categories and classifications.
HYPOTHESES
The researchers have created an overview hypothesis of the research study:
H1: There is an inverse relationship between the board size and the performance of the firms.
H2: There exists a positive connection between the independence of the audit committee members and the firm performance.
H3: There is a direct connection between the audit committee size and the performance of the firms in Saudi Arabia.
Regression Model
The regression model of the study can be recorded as follows:-

Perf = β0 + + β1 BS +β2 IN + β3 AS + β4 Size + β5 Lev + β6 4Industry + E
Where:-
• BS is Board size
• IN is Independence of the Audit Committee
• AS is Audit Committee Size.
• Size is the firm size
• Lev is the Leverage
• Industry is the sampled firms from the Saudi Arabia market
• E is errors
Perf: is the independent variable that represents the firms’ performance evaluated by three models including the ROA, the ratio of the net income by the total assets of the companies, ROE is a continuous variable that measures the ratio of the net income by the shareholders equity, and the Tobin Q is also a continuous, independent variable measuring the value of dividing the current liabilities in addition to share capital value by the overall assets of the company. Leverage, Industry, and E are useful variables in shaping the regression equation. E allows for the accounting of the potential errors in the equation.
Research Methodology
The relationship between corporate governance and firms’ performance in Saudi Arabia listed companies is evaluated in this research study. The corporate governance will be the independent variable such as board size, firm size, leverage, industry, and independence of the audit committees (Ahamad Nalband and Al-Amri, 2013). In spite of all, the improvement of the firms’ performance has been determined well in the research study. It presumes that the board members have a significant impact on the decisions made ad controls implemented to improve corporate governance (Buallay, Hamdan, & Zureigat, 2017). In addition, other aspects of corporate governance could be confirmed to be useful in reviewing this relationship. The control variables are conducted by the factors that include the board size, independence of the audit committee, the audit committee size, firm size, industry, and the firm’s performance (ROA).
Data
Population and Data
The overall population suggested for the research study in diverse industries in the Saudi Stock market exchange. The selection of the diverse sectors was useful in understanding the impacts of corporate governance in shaping the financial performance of all listed companies in Saudi Arabia. As at January, the Saudi Arabian stock exchange market was considered to have 169 listed companies. The current study will select a sample of 65 companies. The data was collected from the 65 diverse companies, as they would give a good representative of the entire population of companies in Saudi Arabia (Francis, Hasan &Wu, 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). However, the sample will exclude the banks and financial institutions listed in the Saudi Arabia stock exchange. It is because of the differences in the regulations between the banks and other firms in the market.
The sourcing of sample’s information will be done using cross sectional data and the time series data by using the financial data and information from 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service. Custom Essay Services Cheap to 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online. The financial data and information obtained will help in understanding the performance and implications of corporate governance on these companies. The sampled diverse Saudi Arabia listed companies obtained from the Saudi Arabia stock exchange ( Tadawul) would be used for the research study. In spite of all, the selected companies might not be able to offer the adequate data needed for the research works. It is because the sampled companies just comprises of a small percentage of the entire population of listed companies in Saudi Arabia. Hasan, Kobeissi and Song (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay) notes that the diverse firms might offer a huge advantage in terms of presenting rich and diversified information into the financial performance of the companies.
In addition, the research study done by Al-Najjar and Clark (2017) determined various factors that affect corporate governance among companies. The factors includes the board size, independence of the audit committees and the boards, accounting procedures, quality of the external audits, and the commitment of the management among others. He also explains that factors can be used to evaluate the performance of the organization. The firm’s performance is measured using the ROA (Mallin, Farag and Ow-Yong, 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). The ROA is computed by net income being divided by the overall assets of the company. These forms part of the control variables which are critical in shaping the corporate governance and performance process within the listed companies in Saudi Arabia.
Method
The quantitative data methodology will be used in promoting the use of figures including the statistical tools and methods. The interpretation of the statistical data and figures is critical in promoting research work and hypothesis. The control variables include board size, independence of the audit committee, audit committee size, and the firm performance through ROA. Data from 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service. Custom Essay Services Cheap to 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online about the sampled companies would help in giving the relevant estimates and averages for the researchers’ observations.
Estimation of Corporate Governance
Corporate governance can be predicted using the different approaches and methods available. The firm’s performance would be used as a way of assessing the corporate governance. Cross sectional approach are critical in reviewing the different variables and data to determine the actual impacts of the factors on improving the corporate governance processes within the companies. Empirically, there are lack adequate evidence to determine the relationship between the board size and the performance of the firms. Al-Thuneibat, Al-Angari and Al-Saad (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online) found out that there is a negative connection between the board size and performance of the firms. In contrast, a research study by Habbash and Habbash (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online) determined that there is positive connection between the board size and the firm performance. The mixed outcome created concerns on whether the internal corporate governance metrics can be used to determine the performance of the firms (Mollah & Zaman, 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). In spite of all, the regression results would help in giving a better outlook on the implications of the internal corporate governance on the firms’ performance.
Research Ethics
The research study is done with my personal judgement and assessment. However, the project will include informed consent approval forms comprising of the human respondents and no data would be obtained before the ethics approval is obtained from the academic supervisor. The secondary data would be applied by the project to help in the collection of research data and information relating to firm performance and corporate governance (Al-Shuaibi, Zain, & Kassim, N., 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online).The financial and corporate governance information is largely available publicly and thus, the researcher might not rely on the human respondents. The research participants might not have any confidentiality concerns as the research deals with organizational information and not human personal subjects.
Timescale
Task and Activities: Completion Date:
Submission of Research proposal 03 April 2017
Completion of Literature Research & its review 01 June 2017
Collection of all secondary data 26 June 2017
Data Assessment 14 July 2017
Findings and conclusion 24 July 2017
Draft thesis 03 August 2017
Revised draft of thesis 13 August 2017
Final submission of thesis 05 September 2017

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