Posted: January 26th, 2023

A) Scenario 1: Schizophrenia A 22-year-old female

A) Scenario 1: Schizophrenia

A 22-year-old female student was brought to her college student health department by her boyfriend. He was concerned about the changes in her behavior. The boyfriend noted that she has been hearing voices, and seeing things that are not there. She also thinks that there are people that want to harm her. She told her family that she cannot finish college as the voices told her to quit because she is “dumb”. The boyfriend relates episodes of unexpected rage and crying.

Primary Medical History (PMH): noncontributory

Family History (FH): positive for a first cousin who “had mental problems”.

Social History (SH): Denies current drug abuse but states he smoked marijuana every day during junior and senior years of high school. Admits to drinking heavily on weekends at various fraternity houses.

Physical Exam (PE): thin, anxious disheveled female who, during conversations, stops talking, tilts her head and appears to be listening to something. There is poor eye contact and conversation is disjointed.

DIAGOSIS: schizophrenia.

Questions :

1. What are known characteristics of schizophrenia and relate those to this patient.

2. Genetics are sometimes attached to schizophrenia explain this.

3. What roles do neurotransmitters play in the development of schizophrenia?

4. Explain what structural abnormalities are seen in people with schizophrenia.

B) Scenario 2: Bipolar Disorder

A 44-year-old female came to the clinic today brought in by her husband. He notes that she has been with various states of depression and irritability over the past 3 months with extreme fatigue, has lost 20 pounds and has insomnia. He has come home from work to find his wife sitting in front of the TV and not moving for hours. In the past few days, she suddenly has become very hyperactive, has been talking incessantly, has been easily distracted and seems to “flit from one thing to another.”. She hasn’t slept in 3 days. The wife went on an excessive shopping spree for new clothes that resulted in their credit card being denied for exceeding the line of credit. The wife is unable to sit in the exam room and is currently pacing the hallway muttering to herself and is reluctant to talk with or be examined the ARNP. Physical observation shows agitated movements, rapid fire speech, and hyperactivity.

DIAGNOSIS: bipolar type 2 disorder.

Question:

5. How does genetics play in the development of bipolar 2 disorders?

LEARNING RESOURCES
REQUIRED READING
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, including Homework help – Summary Review
McIntyre, R. S. & Calabrese, J. R. (2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). Bipolar depression: The clinical characteristics and unmet needs of a complex disorder Links to an external site.. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 1–14. doi:10.1080/03007995.2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers.1636017. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03007…Credit Line: Bipolar depression: The clinical characteristics and unmet needs of a complex disorder by McIntyre, R. S. & Calabrese, J. R., in Current Medical Research and Opinion. Copyright 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers by Librapharm Ltd. Reprinted by permission of Librapharm Ltd via the Copyright Clearance Center.
REQUIRED MEDIA
Generalized Anxiety Syndrome

Osmosis.org. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online, February 29). Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) – causes, symptoms, & treatment

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1. Characteristics of schizophrenia include positive symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking and negative symptoms such as apathy, lack of motivation and social withdrawal. The patient in this case is experiencing hallucinations and delusions and has withdrawn from college due to the voices telling her she is “dumb.” She also has poor eye contact and disjointed conversation, indicating disordered thinking.
2. Studies have shown that there is a genetic component to schizophrenia, with a higher risk for the disorder in individuals with a family history of the disorder. However, it is not solely determined by genetics, with environmental factors also playing a role.
3. Abnormalities in the levels of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and glutamate, have been linked to the development of schizophrenia. These neurotransmitters play a role in the regulation of brain function, and imbalances in their levels can result in symptoms of the disorder.
4. Structural abnormalities seen in people with schizophrenia include a larger than average ventricular system and a smaller than average prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. These abnormalities have been found to be associated with cognitive and memory deficits in individuals with schizophrenia.
5. Genetics play a role in the development of bipolar disorder, with a higher risk for the disorder in individuals with a family history of the disorder. However, like schizophrenia, other factors also contribute to the development of bipolar disorder. Environmental factors such as stress, trauma, and substance use can also play a role in the development of bipolar disorder.

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