Posted: March 28th, 2022

A 27-year-old patient with a history of substance abuse

Pathophysiology refers to the abnormal physiological processes that cause or are caused by disease or injury. It involves an understanding of the mechanisms by which various factors such as toxins, trauma, tumors, etc. produce morbid symptoms or pathological changes in the body.

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Question

A 27-year-old patient with a history of substance abuse is found unresponsive by emergency medical services (EMS) after being called by the patient’s roommate. The roommate states that he does not know how long the patient had been lying there. Patient received naloxone in the field and has become responsive. He complains of burning pain over his left hip and forearm. Evaluation in the ED revealed a large amount of necrotic tissue over the greater trochanter as well as the forearm. EKG demonstrated prolonged PR interval and peaked T waves. Serum potassium level 6.9 mEq/L.

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Get custom essay samples and course-specific study resources via course hero homework for you service – Include the following in your explanation:

· The role genetics plays in the disease.

· Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.

· The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.

· The cells that are involved in this process.

· How another characteristic (e.g. gender, genetics) would change your response.

·

Response to Ace my homework – Write my paper – Online assignment help tutors – Discussion PostTop of Form

Meg

Rhabdomyolysis

This patient is presenting with rhabdomyolysis from decreased blood supply to the area that is causing autolysis. Narcan is an antagonist that knocks opioids out of the way within minutes to allow breathing to normalize (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). At first, I was not certain where the importance of the recreational drug use came into play. With further investigation I was able to find that recreation drug use is a contributing factor of ATP production interruption (Cabral et al., 2020). Rhabdomyolysis is indicated by the necrotic tissue and increased serum potassium level results. One of the most serious complications from rhabdomyolysis is hyperkalemia due to release of potassium into the ECF (McCance et al., 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers p. 1430).

Decreased blood supply to the greater trochanter and forearm caused a decrease in ATP production. The decreased ATP caused increase intracellular calcium (McCance et al., 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers p.117) As calcium increases, potassium is exchanged, and serum K+ levels rise. With rhabdomyolysis the sodium and calcium pump become dysfunctional and no longer regulates the exchanges correctly. The dysfunctional K+ and Ca++ pump lead to hypokalemia and hypercalcemia within the cell, resulting in hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia in the ECF. As potassium levels continue to rise, velocity of impulse conduction is depressed resulting in prolonged PR interval and peaked T-waves (Rafique et al., 2020).

Hyperkalemia is defined as ECF greater than 5.0mEq/L and severe hyperkalemia is defined as serum levels greater than or equal to 6.0mEq/L (McCance et al., 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers p.117). Genetics, in my opinion, did not play a role in the development of rhabdomyolysis. Nor would my response change if the case involved a female patient. According to the American Heart Association (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online), hyperkalemia can interfere with proper electric signals in that heart muscle and result in abnormal ECG results.

References

American Heart Association. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online, October 31). Hyperkalemia (High Potassium). www.heart.org. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/treatment-options-for-heart-failure/hyperkalemia-high-potassium.

Cabral, B. M. I., Edding, S. N., Portocarrero, J. P., & Lerma, E. V. (2020). Rhabdomyolysis. Disease-a-Month, 66(8), 101015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101015

McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., Brashers, V. L., & Rote, N. S. (2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). Pathophysiology: the biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier.

Rafique, Z., Aceves, J., Espina, I., Peacock, F., Sheikh-Hamad, D., & Kuo, D. (2020). Can physicians detect hyperkalemiabased on the electrocardiogram? The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 38(1), 105–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers.04.036

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers, January 15). How Naloxone Saves Lives in Opioid Overdose. Medline

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Your analysis of the patient presenting with rhabdomyolysis sheds light on the intricate interplay between decreased blood supply, recreational drug use, and resultant ATP production interruption. Your identification of the significance of narcan as an opioid antagonist in restoring normal breathing aligns with the swift action required in managing such cases (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers).

The connection you draw between recreational drug use and ATP production interruption, supported by Cabral et al. (2020), is crucial in understanding the etiology of rhabdomyolysis. The subsequent cascade of events, including increased intracellular calcium leading to dysfunctional sodium and calcium pumps, offers a comprehensive insight into the pathophysiological processes (McCance et al., 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers).

Your delineation of the impact of rhabdomyolysis on potassium levels and the ensuing hyperkalemia is particularly insightful. The dysfunctional potassium and calcium pumps not only contribute to hyperkalemia but also lead to hypokalemia and hypocalcemia within the cell, resulting in electrocardiogram abnormalities such as prolonged PR intervals and peaked T-waves (Rafique et al., 2020). Your reference to the American Heart Association underscores the potential cardiac implications of hyperkalemia (American Heart Association, 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online).

The definition of hyperkalemia and severe hyperkalemia, as well as the consideration of their implications for heart muscle function, adds precision to your analysis (McCance et al., 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers). Your assertion that genetics did not play a role in the development of rhabdomyolysis and that gender would not alter your response aligns with a clinically focused perspective.

Your discussion adeptly navigates the complexities of rhabdomyolysis, providing a clear understanding of the physiological mechanisms at play. Your integration of relevant references enhances the credibility of your analysis, making it a valuable contribution to the discourse on this challenging clinical scenario.

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