Posted: May 13th, 2018

Law hw questions

Part 3QUESTION 1Pursuant to traditional philosophical analysis which of the following statementsis/are true?a. Morals and morality are different from ethics.b. Intrinsic values are different from instrumental values.c. Cultural relativism is different from ethical relativism.d. All of the above.0.5 points Question 2Which of the following is not accurate?a. One benefit to being a sincere ethical emotist is that one is morally infallible. b. One convenience to being an ethical emotist is that one can change one’smind about a moral issue simply by expressing a different feeling about anaction. c. Morality is a societal­based phenomena according to the doctrine of ethicalrelativism. d.Cultural relativism is a prescriptive ethical theory that sets forth moral norms. Question 3All of the following are ethical theories EXCEPT:a. Utilitarianismb. Kant’s Categorical Imperativec. SEC Rule 10b(5) d. Ethical EgoismQuestion 4………….0.5 points One advantage of the Utilitarian ethical principle is that:a. It is very egalitarian as all people and groups affected are counted.b. It has a broad stakeholder component that is similar to modern businessconstituent group analysis.c. It conforms to the way most people think about acting by focusing on theconsequences of an action.d. All are advantages..0.5 points Question 5Which ethical theory would be described as the most “democratic” one?.a. Locke’s Natural Rights theory…b. Rousseau’s Social Contract theory…c. Kant’s Categorical Imperative….d. Machiavelli’s The PrinceQuestion 6Which of the following is NOT a correct statement?.a. One advantage to a Natural Rights theory of ethics is that it canprovide very specific and precise moral rules to guide conduct………..b. One problem with Rousseau’s Social Contract theory of ethicsis that it is very difficult to determine with any exactitude whatconstitutes the General Will of the people.c. According to Machiavelli, Fate or Fortune rules a good part ofa person’s actions, and thus a shrewd and smart person should beprepared to adapt one’s actions to circumstances imposed byFate.d. “Soft” Determinism implies that one can make a true choicebetween good and bad moral alternatives.0.5 points Question 7 Eve, an employee of First Federal Bank, takes an outcome­based orconsequences or stakeholder approach to ethics. Eve likely believes that shemusta. achieve the greatest good for the most people.b. avoid unethical behavior regardless of the consequences.c. conform to society’s standards.d. place her employer’s interest first.0.5 points Question 8Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about the Utilitarianethical theory?a. It determines the moral worth of an action based on what a societybelieves is morally right.b. It may allow the personal interests of individuals to be sacrificed in thatthe collective good be attained.c. It is usually regarded as a consequentialist ethical theory.d. It determines the moral worth of an action by whether the action achievesthe greatest overall balance of satisfaction over dissatisfaction..QUESTION 9.Which statement is FALSE about Ethical Egoism?.a. The doctrine contains an arbitrating principle to justly decide cases of conflictwherein two egos collide in wanting the same thing..b. As a general rule, an ethical egoist would advise that it is better to treat peoplewell and with respect than to abuse and belittle them..c. As a general rule, an ethical egoist would advise that one should be prepared toundergo some short­term pain and sacrifice in order to obtain greater long­termgain..d. Machiavellian “ethics” is an egoistic ethics for the person with a big ego and”princely” ambitions..0.5 points Question 10.Someone who believes that moral duties are based on universal rules, andthat the actor must abide by the same rules being applied to others, believesin which moral theory?a. Ethical Relativismb. Utilitarianismc. Ethical egoismd. Kantian ethicsPart 4.QUESTION 1 Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about the Utilitarianethical theory?a. It determines the moral worth of an action based on what a societybelieves is morally rightb. It may allow the personal interests of individuals to be sacrificed in thatthe collective good be attainedc. It is usually regarded as a consequentialist ethical theoryd. It determines the moral worth of an action by whether the action achievesthe greatest overall balance of satisfaction over dissatisfaction.Question 2The Sophists, who were known as respected teachers in ancient Greece,became vilified through time, and now have the negative words “sophist”and “sophistry” associated with them, because:a. They emphasized that there was no universal truth in morality, ethics, justice,and religion.b. They placed an emphasis on debate, rhetorical skills, and argumentationregardless of any underlying truth.c. They were known as the first business consultants and emphasized makingmoney and securing power by whatever means necessary, and then getting goodpublicity for being socially responsible.d. All of the above.Question 3Utilitarianism can best be characterized by:a. The consultation of an outside source, such as a person or a book, forguidance.b. The belief that a person must decide what course of action is properbased on that person’s own set of beliefs and feelings.c. Determining which course of action produces the greatest amount ofgood for society.d. A set of universal rules based on reasoning that must be applied in allsituations and characterized by reversibility.Question 4.0.5 points A spray paint company discovers that its products are being misused bychildren and young people, who get “high” sniffing the fumes. There are nowarning labels on the spray paint cans. The company would be best deemedto have what type of obligation and duty to take steps to protect childrenand young people?a. An ethical obligation but not a legal dutyb. A legal obligation but not an ethical obligationc. Both an ethical obligation and a legal dutyd. Neither an ethical obligation nor a legal duty.0.5 points Question 5Which of the following statements is a correct one?a. Poor taste ads are generally illegal.b. Suggestive ads are always immoral.c. Deceptive ads are generally illegal and immoral.d. None of the above.0.5 points Question 6Whistleblowing may be morally required when:a. A code of ethics requires it.b. Kantian ethics demands it as the morally right thing to do.c. The DeGeroge whistleblowing ethics principle applies.d. All of the above.Question 7EarthLast, Inc. is a heavy polluter. Which of the following would be aphilosophical ethical dilemma for Mr. Bill, a manager at EarthLast?a. Whether or not the Christian Bible allows for pollutionb. Whether or not federal or state law allows for pollutionc. Whether or not pollution is permissible under Mr. Bill’s moral beliefs ofright or wrongd. None of the aboveQuestion 8.0.5 points Fine Clothes Company buys clothing assembled by Gamma, Ltd, a foreignfirm that employs young children for long hours and low pay. Gamma’snation does not enforce its child labor laws. Human International Politics(HIP), a political activist organization, discovers Fine Clothes’ connectionto Gamma and plans to reveal this information. Before HIP does so,however, Fine Clothes publicly releases the information itself, states that itis “shocked and disappointed” by Gamma, and announces that it is severingits relationship with Gamma. Fine Clothes adroitly publicizes its action inits advertising, and the company’s sales and profits increase, apparently as adirect result. From an ethical perspective, Fine’s conduct can best becharacterized asa. Legal, moral, and socially responsibleb. Ethically egoisticc. Immoral since most advertisers usually misrepresent thingsd. In conformity with Kantian ethics.Question 9Applying Aristotle’s Doctrine of the Mean to corporate socialresponsibility, one can best say that:a. A company should give generously to local charities or else it will get areputation in the community for being mean.b. A company need not get involved in civic and community affairs and give tocharities unless legally obligated to do so.c. A company should focus on profit first but also do “good deeds” in thecommunity but in a prudent manner.d. A company should require its employees to donate their own money and timeto charities but make sure that the company gains the good reputation from theirefforts.Question 10Mandatory, random, observed drug testing by an employer ethically couldbe deemed:a. Moral pursuant to Ethical Egoism for the employer if it conducts the testing in acareful and proper manner and as a result reduces accidents, lost time at work, andhealth care costs.b. Moral pursuant to Utilitarianism if the drug testing reduces illegal drug use insociety for the betterment of the people as a whole even though some people mayfeel their rights to privacy have been or may be infringed upon.c. Immoral pursuant to Kantian ethics if some people feel that mandatory, random,observed drug testing is a disrespectful and demeaning act and an invasion oftheir privacy.d. All of the above.Part 5Question 1When Ruby, the president of Interrelated Systems Corporation, isdeciding what business action to take, an initial question is, like it is for mostmajor companies today, whether the actiona. Ethicalb. Legalc. Socially responsibled. Likely to result in executive bonuses.Question 20.5 points Which of the following statements is incorrect?a. Basing one’s behavior on the adage, “Do unto others as you would have themdo unto you,” is part of Kantian ethics.b. An ethical theory that says each person is presumed to have entered into anagreement with all others in society to obey moral rules that are necessary forpeople to live in peace and harmony is called Social Contract ethics.c. A doctrine that says that a corporation should consider its presence in thecommunity and society and the effects its actions have on persons or groups otherthan the shareholders is called Corporate Social Responsibility.d. A theory of social responsibility that says that business must solve globalproblems such as poverty and disease is called Legal Nonfeasance.Question 3Which is a FALSE statement about social responsibility?a. Social responsibility is a “real­world” concern for modern business managers; itis not merely an “academic” issue.b. Social responsibility and ethical egoism are mutually exclusive andcontradictory values.c. A challenge for business today is to ascertain the exact nature and properdegree of social responsibility.d. Social responsibility activities and contributions are mandated legally for largemultinational global corporations by the World Bank and the United Nations.Question 4Commercial Products Company (CPC) markets its products nationwide.When making a decision, CPC should, in order to be a socially responsiblefirm, take into account the needs ofa. Consumers and employeesb. Owners and shareholdersc. Society and communityd. All of the aboveQuestion 5Someone who argues that General Motors owes an obligation to take intoaccount the interests of the community where it has its Michigan factoriesin decisions involving the plant is arguing most directly for which theory tobe applied to business?a. Machiavellian ethicsb. Corporate social responsibilityc. Maximizing profitsd. Legal misfeasanceQuestion 6A conservative interpretation and definition of corporate “socialresponsibility” would typically reflect the view that:a. Corporate social responsibility should be mandated and closely regulated byglobal organizations, such as the United Nations.b. There is insufficient government regulation in the U.S. in place to deal withcorporate socially responsible decision­making.c. Social responsibility decisions in business should be decided according tophilosophical Natural Law and Natural rights ethical principles.d. It could in the long­term, self­interest of business to “get involved” in thecommunity in a prudent manner.Part 6Question 1Charlotte is the CEO of a large successful company. She is consideringhow and to what extent her company should be involved in thecommunities where it has major facilities. How would you best advise hertoday?a. Do nothing since a company cannot be sued for being socially non­responsiveor for that matter for being socially irresponsible.b. Be very altruistic to the point of being saintly in helping out in the localcommunities.c. Be socially responsible in a prudent, smart, shrewd, and strategic sense.d. Be a moral hero in the community by “helping to it hurts.”0.5 points Question 2Which of the following are among the assertions typically made by”socially responsible” advocates of the modern corporation’s activities?a. Corporations should not merely obey the law but rather should seek andobserve social responsibility standards higher than the law since at times the lawis “silent” or is not enforced.b. Corporate profit­seeking at times involves unacceptable social costs.c. Forces in a free market are at times inadequate to prevent many of the socialcosts stemming from corporate profit­seeking.d. All of the above.0.5 points Question 3Which statement is correct regarding the application of the term “socialresponsibility” to business?a. Social responsibility by business in the form of civic and charitablecontributions to the local community usually is legally required when a localgovernment is suffering a budget deficit.b. Today’s business executives and managers are well advised to pay attention onthe changing perceptions in society as to what constitutes socially responsiblebehavior by business.c. Social responsibility is the notion that every person should act only on thoseprinciples that he or she as a rational actor would prescribe as moral law.d. Social responsibility means that the form of an action is primary and theconsequences of an action are secondary or even irrelevant in determining themorality of the action.Question 40.5 points David, the human resources director for Eagle Manufacturing Company,attempts to comply with the law in dealing with applicants and employees.One of the major challenges that David confronts is that the legality of anaction isa. Absolute and unchangingb. Based on social responsibility notionsc. Based on ethical standardsd. Not always clear.Part 7Question 1Susan Sharpe, an amateur but very smart stock trader, by means ofproperly analyzing public sources of information and using her nativeintelligence and keen deductive powers correctly reasons that Big OilCompany has discovered oil in its holdings off Vietnam. In fact, thecompany has discovered oil, a lot of oil, but that information is kept highlyconfidential in the company. Susan buys shares of stock in Big Oil based onher deductions alone. She is correct in her deductions and as a result makes agreat deal of money when the oil discovery is announced by Big Oil and itsstock prices soar. Susan can best be described as acting:a. Illegally since she is a misappropriator of insider information who wrongfullypurchased stock based on the inside information.b. Illegally since the level­playing­field theory is the prevailing legal theory of insidertrading and obviously Susan had more and better information than the people shepurchased the stock from.c. Legally since she is a very smart, and perhaps a bit lucky, trader.d. Immorally pursuant to Machiavellian ethics since she took advantage of someone whowas ignorant and thus she committed a traditional bad act.0.5 points Question 2.Which of the following cause problems in determining whether an action islegal?a. A large number of ethical theoriesb. Too general definitions of “corporate social responsibility”c. A lack of lawyersd. None of the aboveQuestion 3C.E.O. Carlos believes his corporation can be influential and should beresponsible for helping to solve many social problems. Carlos believes hiscorporation should address problems above and beyond those actuallycaused by the corporation. Which of the following theories does Carlosmost likely subscribe to:a. Legal Positivismb. Maximization of profitsc. Machiavellian ethicsd. Social responsibility.Question 40.5 points Stephanie is a successful entrepreneur but her company is not involved inany civic affairs or charitable activities in the local community. Stephanielikely is:a. Liable to be sued civilly based on the principle of Legal Nonfeasance.b. Immoral pursuant to the Last Resort principle for not “helping out” in thecommunity.c. Immoral pursuant to Legal Positivism.d. Socially irresponsible.Question 5Kyle, an accountant for Engineering Associates, Inc. attempts to apply theduty approach to ethical reasoning in conflicts that occur on the job. Thisapproach is based on the idea that a persona. Has a duty not to engage in unethical or immoral behavior no matter howdesirable the consequences may beb. Has a duty to conform one’s behavior to society’s ethical standardsc. Has a duty to one’s employer that is superior to any duty owed to society as awholec. May engage in unethical behavior if it achieves the greater good.Question 60.5 points Whistleblowing, that is, disclosure of wrongdoing, by corporate employeescan be described today as:a. Morally required if the whistleblower is the last real alternative to disclose thewrongdoing and the other parts of the Principle of Last Resort are applicable.b. Legally protected under the Sarbanes­Oxley Act if the whistleblowing is by anemployee of a publicly traded company regulated by the Securities and ExchangeCommission and concerns some type of securities fraud or fraud against theshareholders.c. Only legally protected under those states that have private sector WhistleblowerProtection Statutes if the whistleblowing is made to an appropriate governmentagency.d. All of the above.Question 7CEO Alfredo is a devout believer in freedom of contract and the free use ofone’s private property. Considering these facts, which of the following maybest be classified as an accurate statement about Alfredo?a. He will always follow the Utilitarian approach to the resolution of moral issuesin business.b. He is a socially responsible “satisfier” rather than a profit­maximizer.c. He is not a Natural Rights believer.d. He is not disqualified from being an ethical thinker and actor concerningbusiness­related moral issues.0.5 points Question 8A company that pressures and coerces its own employees to contribute theirown money and their own time to help out local charities in order for thecompany to gain a good reputation for being socially responsible in thecommunity could be acting:a. Morally pursuant to Utilitarianismb. Immorally pursuant to Kantian ethicsc. Legally if the employees are employees at­will and no crimes or torts arecommittedd. All of the above.Question 9What is true about advertising?a. A deceptive ad will generally be deemed to be illegal pursuant to FTC legalstandards as well as immoral pursuant to Kantian ethics.b. A “half­truth” ad will always be legal and moral since something is only missing,and no intentional affirmative misrepresentation is made.c. Suggestive ads are always illegal and immoral since they are clearly deceitful,coercive, and manipulative.d. Companies and advertisers today need not worry at all about any sociallyresponsible aspects to advertising, since, so long as the ads are not outrightfalsehoods and lies, they will not be called into account.Question 100.5 points There is a desperate need for AIDS drugs for sick people in certain verypoor African countries, whose governments cannot afford to buy the drugsfrom the big multinational pharmaceutical companies who make the drugsand possess the patents for the drugs. The pharmaceutical companies areconsidering either selling the drugs deeply discounted or for that matter justgiving them for free to the governments of these African nations. Which ofthe following is likely true about this scenario?a. Legally, there is no obligation.b. Morally, act to provide the drugs, if they are the last real alternative to help the AfricanAIDS sufferers and the Principle of Last Resort applies, or else risk beingcondemned as an immoral industry.c. Be socially responsible and supply the drugs, even if neither legally nor morallyobligated to do so, if doing so can be accomplished effectively and in a prudentmanner without harming the companies since “Big Pharma” will gain a goodreputation world­wide as a humanitarian industry.d. All of the above.

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