Posted: May 13th, 2023

NR 599-10645 Midterm study guide

Midterm study guide 1. Principles of nursing informatics  Nursing Science a building block of NI  NI is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, cognitive science and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice.  ursing informatics (NI) is the specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice. 2. Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision  Knowledge abounds with others’ thoughts and information  Knowledge model-conceptual organized framework for NI, tied to nursing science and the practice of nursing informatics  Nursing knowledge is created, stored, acquired, used, generated, engineered, disseminate  Epistemology is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge—that is, what it means to know.  Three sources of knowledge have been identified: (1) instinct, (2) reason, and (3) intuition.  3. Wisdom is the application of knowledge to an appropriate situation.  Guides actions  developed through knowledge, experience, insight, and reflection  highest form of common sense  it is the ability to apply valuable and viable knowledge, experience, understanding, and insight while being prudent and sensible.  focused on one’s own mind  The appropriate use of knowledge to solve human problems  the foundation of the art of nursing. 4. Scientific underpinning  conceptual framework underpinning the science and practice of NI centers on the core concepts of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, also known as the DIKW paradigm 5. Foundation of knowledge model  suggests that the most important aspect of information discovery, retrieval, and delivery is the ability to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate knowledge in ways that help those managing the knowledge reevaluate and rethink the way they understand and use what they know and have learned. 
6. Information science  a field of scientific inquiry and professional practice.  primarily concerned with the input, processing, output, and feedback of data and information through technology integration with a focus on comprehending the perspective of the stakeholders involved and then applying IT as needed.

Informatics Midterm Review Sheet 1. General principles of Nursing Informatics: 2. Knowledge o Awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision. This knowledge building is an ongoing process engaged in while a person is conscious and going about his or her normal daily activities. 3. Wisdom:  Knowledge applied in a practical way or translated into actions ; the use of knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight so as to exercise sound judgment in practical matters. Sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense , resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge). Wisdom is the ability to apply valuable and viable knowledge, experience, understanding, and insight while being prudent and sensible . It is focused on our own minds; it is the synthesis of our experience, insight, understanding, and knowledge. Wisdom is the appropriate use of knowledge to solve human problems. It is knowing when and how to apply knowledge.
4. Scientific Underpinning:  The scientific underpinnings of practice provide the basis of knowledge for advanced nursing practice. These scientific underpinnings include sciences such as biology, physiology, psychology, ethics, and nursing.  Nursing science, information science, and computer science 5. The Foundation of Knowledge Model  The Foundation of Knowledge model is also introduced as the organizing conceptual framework of this text, and the model is tied to nursing science and the practice of nursing informatics. 6. Computer science: o Branch of engineering (application of science) that studies the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. The study of storage/memory, conversion and transformation, and transfer or transmission of information in machines— that is, computers—through both algorithms and practical implementation problems. Algorithms are detailed, unambiguous action sequences in the design, efficiency, and application of computer systems, whereas practical implementation problems deal with the software and hardware.  7. Cognitive science: o Interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information processing perspective. 8. Information science o Information science enables the processing of information. This processing links people and technology. Humans are organic ISs, constantly acquiring, processing, and generating information or knowledge in their professional and personal lives. This high degree of knowledge, in fact, characterizes humans as extremely intelligent organic machines. The premise of this text revolves around this concept, and the text is organized on the basis of the Foundation of Knowledge model: knowledge acquisition ,
knowledge processing, knowledge generation, and knowledge dissemination.

Sample Multiple Questions
1. Because several disciplines support the foundation of informatics nursing, it is important for the informatics nurse to understand that:
informatics nursing differs from other disciplines, as it focuses on supporting the process of obtaining data.
informatics nursing uses the concepts, tools, and methods of various disciplines to facilitate nursing process.
information technology and nursing technology are synonymous, as they have the same goal.
the boundaries between the various disciplines are clearly defined.

2. Knowledge that is patterned for use in reasoning is known as:
artificial intelligence.
knowledge query.
knowledge representation.
neural computing.

3. Principles of ergonomics include job design, health issues, and:
application interface.
end-user interface.
programming language.
system integration.

4. In promoting change, the people who are recognized as opinion leaders and role models are known as the:
early adopters.
early majority.
innovators.
risk takers.

5. Which document articulates the primary factors that guide professional nursing judgment, regarding confidential patient information?
Administrative Simplification Provisions.
Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice.

6. Ease of navigation, appropriate language, efficiency of use, ease of learning, and intuitiveness are all examples of:
affective skills.
behavioral needs.
system usability.
user ergonomics.

7. The basic network protocol that determines the rules used to create and route packets of data between computers is:
HL7.
TCP/IP.
URL.
XML.

8. Applications that are designed to run on a common platform, operate in a common environment, and communicate through direct data transfer are known as:
integrated.
interfaced.
normalized.
optimized.

9. What is the most common risk to patient privacy and confidentiality?
An organization’s employees.
Inadequate firewall protection.
Inadequate system design.
Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses.

10. Adherence to a standardized nursing language will lead to:
a barrier in national interoperability.
a larger database of interventions.
improved evaluation of nursing outcomes.
increased nursing competencies.

11. The informatics nurse violates a patient’s legal right to privacy and confidentiality, by:
discussing a patient’s diagnosis with an authorized family member.
discussing care-related information with the patient’s physical therapist.
looking up a colleague’s diagnosis and laboratory results while he or she is hospitalized.
providing a handoff report containing patient information to another department.

12. Using parallel strategy for the roll-out of an electronic medication administration system means that all:
data entries are cosigned by two health care team members.
medications are documented using both the current method and the new system.
notebook computers and bar code scanners are positioned on the same surface.
vital signs are entered on the same screen as is medication administration.

13. In project management, the critical path is best described as a series of activities that:
includes the path with the most slack or float.
indicates the earliest possible time a project can be completed.
is scheduled for the next current phase of the process.
shows the shortest path through the network diagram.

14. The foundation of strategic system planning begins with a review of the:
existing computing environment.
health care industry.
information system plan.
organization’s business mission.

15. The focus of data analysis is to:
collect data from various sources.
evaluate data for efficiency.
identify data sources for later inclusion.
transform data into a usable form.

16. Which tool tracks resources, milestones, and time frames associated with the implementation of a new clinical program?
A database.
An expert system.
Project management software.
Spreadsheet software.

17. What process produces a blueprint that details how hardware and software meet the needs of the organization?
Benchmarking.
Feasibility study.
System analysis.
System design.

18. A downtime of the electronic health record (EHR) system is planned for three months from today. The informatics nurse is formulating a communication plan for the clinical staff about the downtime. The nurse plans to:
announce the upcoming downtime at system-wide meetings, and at department meetings of specific system hospitals affected by the downtime.
bring copies of the communication plan to IT meetings, and discuss it with the IT directors and managers.
present the information at the super-user meetings, department and unit meetings, and at other specialty clinician meetings, in addition to having a message posted on the message-of-the-day screen in the EHR.
print fliers with the downtime plan and post them in bathrooms and breakrooms, as well as on bulletin boards in various locations in the hospitals.

19. Adult learners most effectively learn about a new clinical information system when the instructor:
assumes that the learner knows nothing about the system.
begins the formal training as early as possible in the implementation process.
emphasizes the technical specifications of the structure of the system.
encourages the learner to use previous experience to interpret new learning.

20. As an ambulatory provider reviews the patient’s chart, the provider reads lab data from an external organization. This scenario exemplifies:
a health information exchange.
a system to update patient records.
a violation of privacy regulations.
an electronic health record.

21. The problems of an existing system have been identified, along with possible solutions. What is the next step in the systems analysis stage?
A feasibility study.
Requirements gathering.
Systems design.
Systems testing.

22. What type of testing is performed on functionally grouped components to ensure that the subset works with the entire system?
Integration.
System.
Unit.
User acceptance.

23. The informatics nurse is working on a chart to demonstrate the increasing incidence of obesity in the patient population at a health clinic. The data will represent patients who are of normal weight, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese, and it will include the percentage of the total population for each group. This type of data is most effectively represented by a:
bar chart.
column chart.
line chart.
pie chart.

24. Integrating clinical practice guidelines with an electronic health record facilitates quality improvement measurement by:
comparing guideline parameters to clinical outcomes.
presenting results at the point of treatment decisions.
providing reference information to measurement staff.
representing patient acuity data.

25. System analysis is the process by which:
a proposed design is reviewed for feasibility.
potential vendor solutions are explored.
the management needs are identified.
the system’s functional requirements are derived from users’ needs.

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