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Posted: January 22nd, 2024
Cognitive Theories in Psychological Theories
Cognitive Theories in Psychological Theories
Cognitive theories are psychological theories that explain human behaviour and mental processes by focusing on how people perceive, process, store, and use information. Cognitive theories assume that people are active agents who construct their own understanding of reality based on their experiences, thoughts, and beliefs. Some of the main cognitive theories are:
– Piaget’s theory of cognitive development: This theory proposes that children go through four stages of cognitive development as they grow up, each with different ways of thinking and learning. The stages are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Piaget’s theory emphasizes the role of exploration, discovery, and adaptation in cognitive development.
– Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory: This theory emphasizes the role of social interaction and culture in cognitive development. Vygotsky proposed that learning occurs through the guidance and support of more knowledgeable others, such as parents, teachers, and peers. He also introduced the concept of the zone of proximal development, which is the difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with assistance.
– Bandura’s social cognitive theory: This theory combines cognitive and social factors in explaining human behaviour. Bandura proposed that people learn from observing and imitating others, as well as from their own self-efficacy and outcome expectations. He also introduced the concept of reciprocal determinism, which is the idea that behaviour, cognition, and environment influence each other mutually.
– Beck’s cognitive therapy: This theory is a form of psychotherapy that aims to help people overcome psychological problems by changing their negative and distorted thoughts. Beck proposed that many psychological disorders are caused by cognitive errors, such as overgeneralizing, catastrophizing, and personalizing. He also developed techniques to help clients identify and challenge their irrational beliefs and replace them with more realistic and positive ones.
– Ellis’s rational emotive behaviour therapy: This theory is another form of psychotherapy that also focuses on changing irrational beliefs that cause emotional distress. Ellis proposed that people have three types of beliefs: rational, irrational, and preferential. He argued that irrational beliefs are unrealistic and illogical demands that people make on themselves, others, and the world. He also developed techniques to help clients dispute their irrational beliefs and replace them with more rational and flexible ones.
These are some of the most influential cognitive theories in psychology that have contributed to our understanding of human cognition and behaviour. They have also inspired many applications in education, health, business, and other fields.
Help write my assignment – Bibliography
– McLeod, S., 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service. Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. [online] Simply Psychology. Available at:
– McLeod, S., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online. Lev Vygotsky. [online] Simply Psychology. Available at:
– McLeod, S., 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online. Albert Bandura | Social Learning Theory. [online] Simply Psychology. Available at:
– Cherry, K., 2020. How Cognitive Therapy Works. [online] Verywell Mind. Available at:
– Cherry, K., 2020. How Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Works. [online] Verywell Mind. Available at:
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