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Posted: March 30th, 2022
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder
Advances in Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease: A Review of Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel and Pharmacological Options
Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurological disorder affecting movement, poses significant challenges for patients and healthcare providers alike. While a cure remains elusive, recent years have seen notable advancements in treatment options aimed at managing symptoms and improving quality of life. This paper examines two key areas of progress: levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion therapy and pharmacological approaches targeting both motor and non-motor aspects of the disease.
Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG)
LCIG represents an innovative delivery method for the gold standard Parkinson’s medication, levodopa. Administered continuously via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube directly into the small intestine, LCIG aims to provide more stable levodopa levels than oral formulations, thereby better controlling motor symptoms throughout the day (Rocha, Simões-Pereira and Soares-da-Silva, 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online).
A growing body of clinical evidence supports LCIG’s efficacy in reducing motor fluctuations and enhancing quality of life compared to traditional oral therapies. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies reviewed by Rocha, Simões-Pereira and Soares-da-Silva (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online) consistently demonstrate significant improvements in “on” time without troublesome dyskinesia, as well as better control of activities of daily living. While the need for surgical implantation presents a potential barrier, data suggest LCIG offers superior motor symptom management with a safety profile comparable to oral levodopa (Rocha, Simões-Pereira and Soares-da-Silva, 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online).
Pharmacological Management Strategies
Beyond LCIG, pharmacological options continue to evolve for both motor and non-motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease. Mestre et al. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online) provide a comprehensive review of established and emerging agents in this domain.
For motor symptoms, levodopa remains the cornerstone of treatment, with newer extended-release carbidopa/levodopa formulations offering potential benefits. Adjunctive therapies such as monoamine oxidase B inhibitors and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors also play important roles in optimizing dopaminergic therapy (Mestre et al., 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online).
Increasingly, non-motor symptoms are recognized as significant contributors to overall disease burden and quality of life impairment in Parkinson’s. Mestre et al. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online) highlight several pharmacological strategies under investigation, including pimavanserin for psychosis, safinamide for cognitive dysfunction, and various agents targeting sleep disturbances, pain, and non-dopaminergic pathways implicated in Parkinson’s pathogenesis. While further research is needed, these emerging options reflect a growing appreciation for the importance of a holistic approach to symptom management.
Ace my homework – Write my paper – Online assignment help tutors – Discussion and Conclusion
The advancements reviewed in this paper underscore the ongoing evolution of Parkinson’s disease treatment. As Rocha, Simões-Pereira and Soares-da-Silva (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online) demonstrate, LCIG infusion therapy offers a promising alternative for patients experiencing motor fluctuations refractory to oral medication adjustments. Meanwhile, Mestre et al.’s (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online) survey of pharmacological options highlights the expanding arsenal of tools available to target both motor and non-motor symptoms.
through staying abreast of these developments, healthcare practitioners can provide more informed guidance to patients navigating the complex landscape of Parkinson’s management. Educating patients about novel therapies like LCIG and engaging in shared decision-making around pharmacological strategies can optimize individual outcomes and quality of life.
Ultimately, while Parkinson’s disease remains a formidable challenge, the progress outlined in this review offers reason for hope. Continued research and innovation in treatment approaches hold promise for improving the lives of those affected by this debilitating condition. As understanding of Parkinson’s pathophysiology continues to grow, so too will opportunities for targeted, patient-centered care.
References
Mestre, T.A., Sampaio, C., Ferreira, J.J. and Rosa, M.M., 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online. Pharmacological management of motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of neural transmission, 123(5), pp.601-612.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2022. Parkinson’s Disease Information Page. [online] Available at:
Rocha, J.S., Simões-Pereira, J. and Soares-da-Silva, P., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in Parkinson’s disease: a review of clinical evidence. Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 11, p.1756285618769953.
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M232/MEA2203 Pathophysiology Module 3 Written Assignment- Advances in Treatment. Treatment options for acute and chronic diseases continue to advance in efforts to cure diseases or manage symptoms and improve quality of life. While working in healthcare, it is important to be able to research treatment options to understand the different treatments or questions patients may need to consider.
Select 1 disease directly related to one of the body systems reviewed in this module (Neurological and Musculoskeletal). Research and select a peer reviewed article written within the past 5 years discussing treatment options for the selected disease and write a 1-page (minimum) Annotated Help write my assignment – Bibliography . For annotated bibliographies, use standard Ace homework tutors – APA format for the citations, then add a brief entry, including:
2 to 4 sentences to summarize the main idea(s) of the source including a brief summary of the disease and treatment option(s).
1 or 2 sentences to assess and evaluate the source including if this information is reliable and discuss if the source is objective or biased.
1 or 2 sentences to reflect on the source including how this information can benefit a patient and your understanding of the selected disease.
Use Ace homework tutors – APA formatting for your citations and references. For more information on Ace homework tutors – APA, navigate to the Resources tab in this course.
Submit your completed assignment by following the directions linked below. I need help writing my essay – research paper check the Course Calendar for specific due dates.
Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document. (Mac users, please remember to append the “.docx” extension to the filename.) The name of the file should be your first initial and last name, followed by an underscore and the name of the assignment, and an underscore and the date. An example is shown below:
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Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement, often causing tremors, stiffness, and impaired balance and coordination (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2022). While there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s, significant advances have been made in developing new treatment approaches to manage motor and non-motor symptoms and potentially slow disease progression. As healthcare practitioners, it is important to stay informed about innovative treatment strategies to best support patients living with Parkinson’s disease.
This paper will discuss recent developments in Parkinson’s disease treatment, focusing on novel infusion therapies and pharmacological options aimed at optimizing management of both motor and non-motor aspects of the condition. Two peer-reviewed sources from 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online-2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online will be analyzed to provide an overview of clinical evidence regarding levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) and a range of pharmacological agents. Improving understanding of emerging and established treatment approaches can help practitioners provide informed guidance to patients.
Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel
One innovative treatment option is levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG), delivered continuously via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube directly into the small intestine. As Rocha et al. (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online) comprehensively reviewed, LCIG aims to provide more consistent levodopa levels than oral medications to control motor symptoms over 24 hours. Multiple randomized controlled trials and observational studies demonstrate LCIG’s effectiveness at reducing motor fluctuations like “wearing-off” periods and improving quality of life compared to oral therapies (Rocha et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online).
For example, a large observational study of over 1,000 LCIG patients found significant improvements in motor function and activities of daily living after 6-12 months of treatment (Fernandez et al., 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service, as cited in Rocha et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Randomized trials also show LCIG leads to a mean 1.5-2.5 hour increase in “on” time without troublesome dyskinesia compared to oral medications (Olanow et al., 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay; Fernandez et al., 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service as cited in Rocha et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). While LCIG requires surgical implantation, evidence indicates it provides superior control of motor symptoms than oral therapies with a comparable safety profile (Rocha et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online).
Pharmacological Management
Beyond LCIG, Mestre et al. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online) reviewed a range of pharmacological options for both motor and non-motor aspects of Parkinson’s. For motor symptoms, they discussed the continued importance of levodopa and newer formulations like extended-release carbidopa/levodopa. Other agents like monoamine oxidase B and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors are also used as adjuncts to levodopa (Mestre et al., 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online).
For non-motor symptoms, which can significantly impair quality of life, a variety of pharmacological approaches are under investigation. Examples include pimavanserin for psychosis, safinamide for cognitive impairment, and various agents targeting sleep disturbances, pain, and other non-dopaminergic pathways involved in Parkinson’s pathogenesis (Mestre et al., 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). While more research is still needed, targeting these non-motor domains may help manage overall disease burden.
Ace my homework – Write my paper – Online assignment help tutors – Discussion
The sources analyzed provide reliable, current perspectives on advances for Parkinson’s disease treatment. LCIG demonstrates superior motor control compared to oral therapies based on substantial clinical evidence (Rocha et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Its availability represents an important option when fluctuations no longer adequately respond to adjustments in oral regimens. Mestre et al. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online) also offers an objective survey of pharmacological strategies for both motor and non-motor aspects of the disease.
By gaining thorough understanding of these innovative and established approaches, healthcare practitioners can best educate and support patients. Ace my homework – Write my paper – Online assignment help tutors – Discussing LCIG infusion or newer agents in clinical trials may help address patient questions and optimize management of their individual disease manifestations. While Parkinson’s currently has no cure, these evolving treatment strategies reflect continuous efforts to slow progression and improve quality of life for those living with this complex neurological condition. Further research remains crucial to advancing Parkinson’s disease care.
Conclusion
In summary, this paper provided an overview of recent developments in Parkinson’s disease treatment based on analysis of two peer-reviewed sources from 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online-2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online. A comprehensive review by Rocha et al. (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online) demonstrated the clinical evidence supporting LCIG infusion therapy as a means to better control motor fluctuations than oral medications alone. Additionally, Mestre et al. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online) surveyed both established and investigational pharmacological options targeting motor as well as non-motor aspects of the disease. Staying informed about innovative and evolving treatment approaches is important for healthcare practitioners to best guide and support patients living with Parkinson’s disease.
References
Fernandez, H. H., Standaert, D. G., Hauser, R. A., Lang, A. E., Fung, V. S., Klostermann, F., . . . Olanow, C. W. (2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson’s disease: Final 12-month, open-label results. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 2(3), 204-211. https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12183
Mestre, T. A., Sampaio, C., Ferreira, J. J., & Rosa, M. M. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). Pharmacological management of motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of neural transmission, 123(5), 601–612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-016-1539-x
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2022, January 11). Parkinson’s disease information page. National Institutes of Health. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page
Olanow, C. W., Kieburtz, K., Odin, P., Espay, A. J., Standaert, D. G., Fernandez, H. H., . . . DECREASE Parkinson’s Study Group. (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). Factors predictive of the development of Levodopa-induced dyskinesia and wearing-off in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 29(8), 1008-1013. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25892
Rocha, J. S., Simões-Pereira, J., & Soares-da-Silva, P. (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in Parkinson’s disease: A review of clinical evidence. Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 11, 1756285618769953. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756285618769953
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Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder that affects movement, often including tremors and stiffness (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2022). While there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s, research continues into methods for managing symptoms and slowing disease progression to improve quality of life.
Rocha, J. S., Simões-Pereira, J., & Soares-da-Silva, P. (2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in Parkinson’s disease: A review of clinical evidence. Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 11, 1756285618769953. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756285618769953
This article provides a comprehensive review of clinical trial data regarding the use of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Through continuous delivery directly into the small intestine via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, LCIG aims to provide more consistent levodopa levels than oral medications to control motor symptoms over 24 hours (Rocha et al., 2018: 2024 – Write My Essay For Me | Essay Writing Service For Your Papers Online). The review summarizes multiple randomized controlled trials and observational studies demonstrating LCIG’s effectiveness at reducing motor fluctuations and improving quality of life compared to oral therapies. As a meta-analysis of substantial clinical evidence, this source provides reliable information on an innovative treatment approach.
Mestre, T. A., Sampaio, C., Ferreira, J. J., & Rosa, M. M. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). Pharmacological management of motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of neural transmission, 123(5), 601–612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-016-1539-x
This journal article offers a comprehensive but concise overview of pharmacological options for both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. In addition to discussing established oral medications and LCIG, Mestre et al. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online) also review newer agents in clinical trials that aim to target non-dopaminergic pathways involved in Parkinson’s pathogenesis. As a review published in a peer-reviewed neurology journal by authors affiliated with movement disorder centers, this source provides an objective survey of current treatment approaches and strategies under investigation.
In summary, these sources discuss innovative infusion therapies such as LCIG as well as an array of pharmacological options that aim to optimize management of both motor and non-motor aspects of Parkinson’s disease. By gaining a thorough understanding of emerging and established treatments, healthcare practitioners can best educate and support patients living with this complex neurological condition. I need help writing my essay – research paper let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions.
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