Posted: September 8th, 2022

Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care Across the 6

Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care Across the Lifespan
In your role as a PMHNP, you will regularly encounter situations that require your ability to make sound judgments and practice decisions for the safety and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. There may not be a clear-cut answer of how to address the issue, but your ethical decision making must be based on evidence-based practice and what is good, right, and beneficial for patients. You will encounter patients who do not hold your values, but you must remain professional and unbiased in the care you provide to all patients regardless of their background or worldview. You must be prepared to critically analyze ethical situations and develop an appropriate plan of action.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
• Analyze salient ethical and legal issues in psychiatric-mental health practice
• Analyze the impact of cultural considerations on ethical/legal decision making in advanced practice nursing
• Evaluate mastery of nurse practitioner knowledge in preparation for the nurse practitioner national certification examination*
*Assessed in Week 3 Assignment
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Learning Resources

Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)
https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/ethics/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/coe-view-only/

http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/

https://www.aacap.org/App_Themes/AACAP/docs/about_us/transparency_portal/aacap_code_of_ethics_2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service. Custom Essay Services Cheap.pdf

https://www.apna.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageID=3846

https://www.jaacap.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0890-8567%2812%2900500-X

https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat06423a&AN=wal.EBC5108631&site=eds-live&scope=site&authtype=shib&custid=s6527200

Thapar, A., Pine, D. S., Leckman, J. F., Scott, S., Snowling, M. J., & Taylor, E. A. (2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). Rutter’s child and adolescent psychiatry (6th ed.). Wiley Blackwell.
• Chapter 19, “Legal Issues in the Care and Treatment of Children with Mental Health Problems”

Zakhari, R. (2020). The psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner certification review manual. Springer.
• Chapter 1, “Preparing to Pass the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Certification Exam”

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Reminder: Keep Your Library of Advanced Practice Nursing Texts at Your Fingertips
Several textbooks are assigned in multiple courses in your program. That is, you will see reading assignments from the books assigned in the Learning Resources of more than one course. You should, however, keep all prior textbooks—not just the ones explicitly assigned—readily accessible. The expectation is that you will independently consult these prior textbooks to synthesize information needed to complete your final courses. This is your time to “put it all together” and to more fully embrace the advanced practice nursing role. Part of the responsibility of advanced practice is developing information literacy skills to know where to locate needed information for your clinical practice.
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Ace my homework – Write my paper – Online assignment help tutors – Discussion: Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care
Advanced practice nursing in all specialties is guided by codes of ethics that put the care, rights, duty, health, and safety of the patient first and foremost. PMHNP practice is also guided by ethical codes specifically for psychiatry. These ethical codes are frameworks to guide clinical decision making; they are generally not prescriptive. They also represent the aspirational ideals for the profession. Laws, on the other hand, dictate the requirements that must be followed. In this way, legal codes may be thought to represent the minimum standards of care, and ethics represent the highest goals for care.

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For this Ace my homework – Write my paper – Online assignment help tutors – Discussion, you select a topic that has both legal and ethical implications for PMHNP practice and then perform a literature review on the topic. Your goal will be to identify the most salient legal and ethical facets of the issue for PMHNP practice, and also how these facets differ in the care of adult patients versus children. Keep in mind as you research your issue, that laws differ by state and your clinical practice will be dictated by the laws that govern your state.
To Prepare
• Select one of the following ethical/legal topics:
o Autonomy
o Beneficence
o Justice
o Fidelity
o Veracity
o Involuntary hospitalization and due process of civil commitment
o Informed assent/consent and capacity
o Duty to warn
o Restraints
o HIPPA
o Child and elder abuse reporting
o Tort law
o Negligence/malpractice
• In the Walden library, locate a total of four scholarly, professional, or legal resources related to this topic. One should address ethical considerations related to this topic for adults, one should be on ethical considerations related to this topic for children/adolescents, one should be on legal considerations related to this topic for adults, and one should be on legal considerations related to this topic for children/adolescents.

RESPOND TO THIS DISCUSSION PAGE. I PAGE OF FACTS AND NOT REPETITION USING AT LEAST TWO REFERENCES
“Restraints” is the topic I chose for this week’s discussion. A restraint is any way to limit a person’s ability to move or do physical things. Patients with mental health disorders can sometimes get very upset and act in ways that can put themselves and others in danger. Healthcare workers usually use alternative methods, like de-escalation techniques, to calm down patients who are upset during crisis management. But if these methods don’t work, health care workers can use physical and manual restraints to keep these patients from posing dangerous risks. There are many legal and moral issues that come up when physical restraints are used, and it is important for healthcare workers to follow all policies and procedures correctly (Ye et al., 2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers).
Ethical Questions about putting adults in restraints
Patients are often held back physically to keep them safe. But deciding whether or not to use physical restraints comes with a number of ethical questions, and providers must weigh the results of using restraints against the results of not using them. Healthcare authorities are expected to come up with guidelines for using physical restraints that are based on facts. They must also come up with and run programs to teach nurses about the ethical and legal problems that come with using physical restraints (Salehi, Najafi, Hajibabaee, & Joolaee, 2020). As we all know, physical restraints are used to keep a patient from moving around in bed or from moving their hands, feet, or head freely. It limits the patient’s freedom and can cause side effects like high blood pressure and heart rate, poor circulation, aspiration, damage to skin tissues, etc. Autonomy is an ethical principle that says patients should be able to decide about their care and therapy, including whether or not they need to be physically restrained. When restraints are used, the ethical principle of patient autonomy can be violated, and healthcare workers may not respect the rights of the patient. But because of the risk of self-harm and lack of consciousness, care providers are allowed to take a paternalistic approach and decide when and how to use physical restraints to keep people safe (Salehi, Najafi, Hajibabaee, & Joolaee, 2020)
Ethical Considerations Related to Restraints for Children/Adolescents
In mental health settings, children are often put in restraints or put in a separate room during a crisis. Practice standards say that restraints or controlled measures should only be used in very rare situations. These steps should only be taken if all other, less severe steps have been shown to be ineffective. But the use of these kinds of interventions can raise serious moral questions. Studies have shown that these kinds of controlling actions are seen as abusive by children, and that they hurt the trust that children have in their healthcare providers (Montreuil, Thibeault, McHarg, & Carnevale, 2020).
Legal Things to Think About for Adult Restraints
When putting any kind of physical restraint on an adult patient, there are many legal things to think about. Physical restraints can only be used to keep someone from getting hurt and to make sure they are safe. Studies have shown that in residential service care, people with intellectual disabilities and older people with dementia are sometimes locked up or restrained. If the person can’t leave freely, this goes against human rights and common law principles of freedom and safety. But under the common law of defense of medical emergency, it is legal to treat a patient in an emergency to save their life or keep them from getting seriously hurt (Chandler, White, & Wilmott, 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online).
Legal things to think about when putting a child or teen in a restraint
Federal law has rules about how to monitor, investigate, and seek legal remedies when using restraints on children and teens. Each state is also required by these federal laws to pick an organization to run the Protection and Advocacy system (Nelson, 2017). In health care, restraints may be needed when a child or teen gets very angry or violent and puts their own safety or the safety of others at risk. These changes can help doctors and nurses give immediate and necessary care in a safe way. Every state has its own rules and laws about how to use restraints, especially for children. These rules and laws must be followed correctly. The Federal office of Special Education Program has emphasized the use of positive behavioral interventions and has discouraged the use of restraints for children and adolescents. So, according to these laws, restraints can only be used by trained staff when children and teens’ immediate safety is at risk (Nelson, 2017).
Implications for Practice/Applications in Clinical Practice in Georgia
The above legal and ethical rules about restraints can have a big effect on how advanced practice nurses do their jobs in the hospital. So, it’s important to know all of these rules and follow them correctly. In Georgia, it is illegal to hold someone down, hurt them, ignore them, or treat them badly in any way. Physical restraints can only be used to keep patients and other people safe. Physical restraints can be ordered by an attending physician when all other least restrictive interventions are ineffective, and it is absolutely necessary for the safety of patients and others. Once the patient is in restraints, trained staff must check on him or her every 30 minutes, and there must be written records of these checks (Georgia Code Title, 2021).
In an emergency, an authorized member of the staff can put someone in restraints. However, the staff must tell the attending doctor right away. Also, all facilities must have policies and procedures for using restraints that are written down. These policies should make it clear who can order restraints in an emergency and what procedures must be followed to keep patients safe (Georgia Code Title, 2021).

References
Chandler, K., White, B., & Wilmott, L. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). The doctrine of necessity and the detention and
restraint of people with intellectual impairment: Is there any justification? Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 23(3), 361–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service.1055853
Georgia Code Title 37 (2021). Mental health GA ST § 37-3-165. Georgia Code. Retrieved
September 4, 2022, from https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-37-mental-health/ga-code-sect-37-3-165.html
Montreuil, M., Thibeault, C., McHarg, L., & Carnevale, F. A. (2020). Moral Experiences of
Crisis Management in a Child Mental Health Setting: A Participatory Hermeneutic Ethnographic Study. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 44(1), 80–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-019-09639-4
Nelson, L. (2017). Out of the institution, into the classroom: Legal challenges to the use of
restraint and seclusion in school settings in the United States. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 53, 97–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.05.013
Salehi, Z., Najafi Ghezeljeh, T., Hajibabaee, F., & Joolaee, S. (2020). Factors behind ethical
dilemmas regarding physical restraint for critical care nurses. Nursing Ethics, 27(2), 598–608. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019858711
Ye, J., Wang, C., Xiao, A., Xia, Z., Yu, L., Lin, J., Liao, Y., Xu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers).
Physical restraint in mental health nursing: A concept analysis. International journal of nursing sciences, 6(3), 343–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2019: 2024 – Online Assignment Homework Writing Help Service By Expert Research Writers.04.002
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